Section
| HS Code | 477869 |
| Productname | Solvent Yellow 82 |
| Colorindexname | C.I. Solvent Yellow 82 |
| Casnumber | 12227-67-7 |
| Ecnumber | 235-432-5 |
| Appearance | Yellow powder |
| Colorshade | Yellow |
| Solubilityinwater | Insoluble |
| Solubilityinorganicsolvents | Soluble |
| Lightfastness | Good |
| Heatstability | Good |
| Acidresistance | Good |
| Alkaliresistance | Good |
| Typicalapplications | Solvent-based inks, wood stains, aluminum foil coatings, paints, and plastics |
As an accredited Solvent Yellow 82 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Solvent Yellow 82 is supplied in 25 kg net multi-walled paper bags with polyethylene liners, palletized and shrink-wrapped. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loaded with Solvent Yellow 82 in sealed drums/pallets, properly secured, labeled, and documented for safe export shipment. |
| Shipping | Solvent Yellow 82 is generally not regulated as dangerous goods for transport and has no assigned UN number, hazard class, or packing group. Ship as a non-hazardous chemical in compatible, securely closed packaging, labeled with product identity, and follow the current SDS and applicable local/international regulations. |
| Storage | Store Solvent Yellow 82 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and flames. Keep containers tightly closed and properly labeled. Separate from strong oxidizers, acids, and bases, and from food, feed, and drinking water. Prevent dust generation and spills; use appropriate PPE and secondary containment where required. |
| Shelf Life | Solvent Yellow 82 typically has a shelf life of about 24 months when stored cool, dry, and protected from light and moisture. |
In solvent-borne nitrocellulose furniture finishing, Solvent Yellow 82 functions as a transparent chromium-complex dye for warm golden-brown shading without hiding the timber grain. The compound is incorporated into medium-solids clear stains and tinted wet-on-wet shading lacquers applied to ash, oak, and maple veneers, where its tinctorial strength allows grain visual depth to remain intact. The relevant European regulatory frame is the Decopaint Directive 2004/42/EC, which restricts volatile organic compound contents in wood coatings, while North American line approvals commonly require adhesion testing under ASTM D3359-17 and lightfastness assessment under ISO 105-B02, with interior exposure targets set at Blue Wool 6 or higher for this dye class. Production-stain addition ratios range from 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% of total formulation in spray-applied wiping stains, while high-transparency shading lacquers operate at 0.2–0.8 wt%; loadings above 2.2 wt% can induce dye precipitation during storage below 5 °C, particularly when the ketone/ester co-solvent fraction drops below 15 wt%. The downstream process begins with pre-dissolution of the dye at a 1:10 weight ratio in 60:40 acetone/ethyl acetate using a low-shear propeller mixer at 300–500 rpm until visual clarity is achieved; the concentrate is then folded into a nitrocellulose/alkyd base lacquer, adjusted to 18–25 s DIN 4 cup at 20 °C, and filtered through a 10 μm polypropylene bag before HVLP spray or curtain coating. Terminal finished products include office furniture fronts, kitchen cabinet doors, wooden loudspeaker enclosures, and picture frames. Aliphatic-only diluents are insufficient for storage stability, and the dye is not positioned for direct food-contact surfaces or children’s toys unless EN 71-3:2019 migration testing on the finished coating confirms compliance.
Published dye-supplier formulation guidance and flexographic inkroom records place the working addition window at 2.0 wt% to 4.0 wt% of finished ink mass. The practical upper boundary is not tinctorial demand but solubility retention in ethanol-dominant letdowns; when ketone co-solvent loading is reduced too aggressively, the dye aggregates, producing bronzing on BOPP and PET and progressive anilox plateout. For food-contact packaging, the ink is applied only to the outer side of a functional barrier, so release rests on (EC) No 1935/2004, migration testing under EU 10/2011, overall migration testing per EN 1186, and EuPIA Good Manufacturing Practice rather than direct food-contact clearance. Converters validate the printed reel through overall migration cells and, for fatty product types, specific migration and sensory tests such as EN 1230-1. The letdown process begins with a heated pre-solution at 40–50 °C in 70:30 n-propyl acetate/propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, filtered at 10 μm, and then added to a polyurethane-based ink vehicle before final dilution with ethanol/ethyl acetate to press viscosity 18–22 s DIN 4 cup at 20 °C. Gravure and flexo line operators hold dry film weight below 1.5 g/m² to limit retained solvent and migration potential. Terminal printed substrates are BOPP snack wrappers, PET label stock, aluminium foil outer webs, and shrink-sleeve surface prints, all in non-food-contact surface positions unless the converter completes full food-contact compliance testing on the exact printed structure.
Solvent-based polyurethane leather topcoats receive Solvent Yellow 82 at 0.5–1.2 wt% of dry resin solids in full-grain aniline and semi-aniline finishing systems. The regulatory boundary is REACH Annex XVII Entry 72, which restricts hexavalent chromium in leather articles to 3 mg/kg; because the dye is a chromium-complex structure, tanneries and finish formulators monitor finished skin Cr(VI) by ISO 17075-1 and maintain oxidative process discipline during drying. Wet and dry rub fastness are specified under ISO 11640:2018, with dry-rub targets of 4–5 and wet-rub targets of 3–4 on the grey scale for upholstery leather, while lightfastness for automotive or high-end upholstery programs is screened under ISO 105-B02 with Blue Wool targets of 5 or 6 depending on OEM specification. Production begins with pre-dissolution at 1:10 in 60:40 methyl ethyl ketone/ethyl acetate under low-shear stirring at 25–35 °C; the concentrate is added to a polyurethane-nitrocellulose topcoat, adjusted to 22–24 s Ford Cup #4, and applied by spray cross-coat at 10–15 μm dry film thickness. Terminal product categories include footwear shaft leather, belts, handbags, upholstery leather, and automotive interior leather where additional VDA 278 or OEM fogging limits apply. Formulators avoid strongly oxidative auxiliaries and amine-based high-pH additives because both can destabilize the dye complex or produce finish faults during elevated drying temperatures.
Aluminium foil washcoats for liquor bottle capsules and confectionery wraps incorporate Solvent Yellow 82 at 0.1–1.0 wt% of coating solids to produce a metallic gold tone without obscuring foil reflectivity. Regulatory placement for food-contact packaging is indirect-by-design: the dye-containing washcoat or overprint varnish is separated from food by the aluminium foil itself, and converters must still confirm the printed structure under (EC) No 1935/2004, overall migration testing per EN 1186, and, for plastic-coated foils, EU 10/2011; direct food-contact clearance is not assumed. The manufacturing sequence uses gravure or roller coating at 0.3–1.0 g/m² dry film weight, with the dye pre-dissolved in 80:20 ethanol/ethyl acetate before addition to a nitrocellulose or polyvinyl butyral washcoat. Drying is run at 80–120 °C web surface temperature, and coating viscosity is held near 20 s DIN 4 cup at 20 °C. Film weights above 1.0 g/m² increase the risk of edge staining during cutting and creasing, because concentrated dye at cut edges can be extracted by moisture or alcohol. Terminal products include confectionery wrap foil, bottle capsule sleeves, decorative label stock, and metallic gift-wrap laminates.
Where high-solids alkyd baking enamels are formulated for aerosol can exteriors and metal cosmetics packaging, Solvent Yellow 82 serves as a transparent effect dye in thermosetting clear and tinted topcoats. Addition ratios remain between 0.3 wt% and 1.5 wt% of the total liquid coating; loadings above 1.8 wt% tend to deepen the cured film and can produce surface bloom on baking. Relevant compliance includes VOC constraints under 2004/42/EC for industrial metal coatings, hardness control by ASTM D3363-20 after cure, and gloss measurement under ISO 2813. The dye is pre-dissolved at 1:8 in 50:50 xylene/n-butanol at 40–60 °C, filtered, and introduced during the letdown of an alkyd/melamine or alkyd/benzoguanamine resin system; the mixed enamel is applied by spray or roll coat and baked at 140–180 °C for 10–20 min. Published calorimetric data specific to Solvent Yellow 82 in high-solids alkyd-cured systems is limited; batch validation therefore includes a production-scale bake test with colorimetric and gloss retention checks at the upper cure temperature before full release. Terminal finished products include aerosol can exteriors, metal cosmetic packaging, stationery clips, and lacquered metal giftware. Processors should avoid prolonged dwell above 180 °C because dulling and shade drift can develop in the chromium-complex chromophore.
Ballpoint and marker ink batches containing Solvent Yellow 82 are manufactured as dye-based solutions, not pigment dispersions, which makes filtration economics the central process control point. Addition ratios in permanent marker inks range from 3.0 wt% to 8.0 wt% of finished ink mass, with high-viscosity technical drawing inks at the lower end and high-chroma marker inks at the upper end. Consumer regulatory obligations for stationery products distributed in the EU and North America include EN 71-3:2019 migration limits when the product is marketed for children, ASTM F963-17 for toys, and chronic-hazard labelling under ASTM D4236. Production begins with pre-dissolution of the dye at 1:5 in 40:40:20 methyl ethyl ketone/isopropanol/ethanol at 35–45 °C; the solution is cooled to 20 °C, filtered through a 1 μm membrane, and adjusted to 3–5 mPa·s at 20 °C for marker nib flow. Terminal finished products include permanent markers, whiteboard markers, refill cartridges, and technical drawing pens. Water-based inks and high-pH amine-containing formulations are incompatible because phase separation or dye precipitation occurs at elevated pH.
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Solvent Yellow 82 is identified by the Colour Index designation C.I. Solvent Yellow 82 and CAS registry number 67267-08-1. The product is supplied as a solvent-soluble yellow dye, typically in powder, low-dust granular, or pre-dispersed concentrate form. It is used primarily for transparent thermoplastic coloration, solvent-based inks, industrial coatings, and spin-dyed synthetic fibers. The dye develops color through molecular dissolution in the polymer or binder matrix rather than through particulate light scattering; therefore, it contributes to high-clarity optical formulations when dispersion-related haze must be minimized. Commercial grades are differentiated by particle size distribution, residual moisture, heavy metal content, and packaging form rather than by a uniform global model number.
Material acceptance of Solvent Yellow 82 is performed against supplier-specific specifications structured around standard analytical methods. Incoming QC typically records appearance, color strength, purity, moisture, ash, sieve residue, heavy metals, and particle size distribution. The following table summarizes the analytical matrix used for batch release and certificate of analysis review.
| Parameter | Method or Instrument | QC Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Visual inspection under controlled daylight D65 | Batch consistency and contamination check |
| Purity | HPLC area percent with diode-array detection at 430 nm | Chromophore content and impurity profile |
| Moisture | Volumetric Karl Fischer titration per ASTM E203 | Extrusion defect and hydrolysis control |
| Ash | ISO 787-4 | Inorganic residue and filter blocking potential |
| Sieve residue | ISO 787-18 | Screen pack plugging and speck detection |
| Particle size distribution | Laser diffraction per ISO 13320-1 | Dispersion uniformity in dry blends |
| Heavy metals | Microwave digestion followed by ICP-OES per EPA 3052 | RoHS and REACH screening |
Color strength evaluation is commonly performed by optical spectrometry of a standard tint prepared in a defined binder, with CIELAB coordinates measured under ISO 7724-2. Specification limits are not universal; they are negotiated per supply chain because a low-dust granule may have a wider particle size distribution than a powder grade but improved handling hygiene. Absence of a food-contact listing under 21 CFR 178.3297 is not inferred from the dye classification; the finished article must be evaluated separately.
For liquid masterbatch and rotogravure ink production, Solvent Yellow 82 is usually predissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, or a glycol ether acetate at 20–40°C under low-shear agitation. The dye has practical solubility in ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons, while solubility in low-molecular-weight alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbon diluents is limited. Solution viscosity is monitored by cone-and-plate rotary viscometry per ISO 2884-1, and storage stability is assessed after 72 h at 25°C. In solvent-based coatings, compatibility with the binder should be tested because dye precipitation can occur when the solvent balance shifts during film drying. Incomplete dissolution is a principal cause of shade drift in liquid colorants and should not be mistaken for dye degradation.
During masterbatch production on co-rotating twin-screw extruders, plate-out on the die lip and pressure rise across the melt filter are the main process signals that the dye is not fully dissolved or is being thermally overloaded. Solvent Yellow 82 is typically processed at let-down ratios from 1% to 5% in polymer carriers such as ABS, PS, PMMA, and polycarbonate. Co-rotating twin-screw machines with L/D ratios between 36:1 and 48:1 and screw speeds of 400–800 rpm are standard. Pre-blending the dye with resin granules in a high-intensity mixer at 300–600 rpm for 3–5 min reduces speck formation relative to direct dye feeding into the melt zone. Direct side-feeding can produce intermittent filter pressure variability; the absolute pressure rise is polymer-specific and not a fixed product property. Screw configuration should favor distributive mixing elements over aggressive kneading blocks because excessive viscous dissipation raises local melt temperature and can initiate dye sublimation, which deposits on the die face. Published data for a universal pressure rise specification for Solvent Yellow 82 is limited; each production line should establish a baseline screen pack pressure profile using a clean polymer reference.
Transparent PMMA and polycarbonate color formulations use soluble dyes to maintain luminous transmittance and avoid the haze associated with dispersed pigments. The optical contribution of Solvent Yellow 82 is evaluated by CIELAB color coordinates under ISO 7724-2, total luminous transmittance under ISO 13468-1 or ASTM D1003-13, and yellowness index under ASTM E313. Final color values depend on polymer base tint, melt residence time, and additive package; color cards alone are insufficient for passing optical appearance limits in injection-molded light guides or instrument clusters. Qualification panels should be molded on the same injection molding machine and tooling intended for production, with recorded melt temperature and clamp force, because cavity pressure and cooling rate affect shrinkage and perceived color depth.
Solvent Yellow 82 is differentiated from C.I. Solvent Yellow 93 and C.I. Solvent Yellow 114 by shade direction, solubility profile, and application-specific fastness. Solvent Yellow 93 is often selected for high-clarity PMMA and LED applications because of its greener yellow shade and high visible transmission, while C.I. Solvent Yellow 114 may be preferred in certain polyolefin fiber and concentrate applications. Direct numerical comparisons under identical twin-screw compounding, injection molding, and xenon-arc exposure are limited in published form; users should generate comparative data using the target polymer and additive system. The test matrix should include heat stability by EN 12877-2, lightfastness by ISO 4892-2 or ISO 105-B02, and migration by sandwich contact at 40–60°C. Solvent Yellow 82 should not be assumed interchangeable with other solvent yellows without re-qualification because even small differences in dye solubility can change color strength at the same let-down ratio.
Unlike particulate pigments, Solvent Yellow 82 does not require high-shear dispersion. The dye is dissolved in the polymer melt or solvent phase, so color development depends on residence time and temperature. This is an advantage for optical clarity but a limitation for chemical resistance and migration. The dye is not suitable where a fully insoluble colorant is required, such as in certain food-contact packaging or in engineering resins exposed to repeated solvent wiping. When permanent non-migrating color is critical, a high-molecular-weight pigment or a reacted colorant should be considered. Regulatory status is not product-inherent. A standard Solvent Yellow 82 grade may be supplied with a Safety Data Sheet and REACH registration statement, but RoHS compliance depends on the total concentration of restricted substances in the finished article, not solely on the dye. No food-contact clearance under 21 CFR should be assumed; the dye is intended for industrial polymer and coating applications unless the final formulation has been tested and listed. The product should not be combined with strongly oxidizing additives or with amine-based additive packages without compatibility testing, because redox-active or basic species can shift the chromophore or reduce color stability. For aqueous textile exhaust dyeing, the dye is unsuitable because it is designed for solvent or melt-phase coloration rather than water-based dye-fiber substantivity.
Thermal stability of Solvent Yellow 82 cannot be reduced to a single temperature threshold. The relevant failure mechanism is not thermogravimetric mass loss alone; chromophore degradation can occur before significant volatile loss and can appear as a shade change rather than a weight loss. A melt-residence study in the target polymer is therefore required. TGA under nitrogen at a heating rate of 10°C/min provides only a decomposition onset for comparative screening. A practical qualification protocol varies melt temperature and residence time while measuring CIELAB ΔE under ISO 7724-2. Common acceptance criteria in engineering resin masterbatch are ΔE ≤ 1.0 after 10 min residence at the intended processing temperature. Published data for Solvent Yellow 82 in polycarbonate at 300°C is limited; qualification should proceed upward from 260°C only after colorimetric confirmation. In high-temperature polyolefin film extrusion, the processing window is narrow and is defined by screw design, melt temperature, and screen pack condition rather than by a supplier temperature rating.
In melt-spun fiber applications, Solvent Yellow 82 is introduced as a predispersed masterbatch before the melt pump and spin pack. Filter packs in the 20–50 µm range are typical for clean melt delivery, but pressure rise above the clean-resin baseline indicates incomplete dissolution, agglomeration, or degradation products. The corrective response is to reduce masterbatch viscosity mismatch, increase distributive mixing, or lower melt temperature within the process window. Spin-dyeing trials should record pump inlet pressure, melt temperature, and pack differential pressure at defined throughput. Lightfastness of the resulting fiber is assessed by ISO 105-B02, while color uniformity is checked along the filament bundle by spectrophotometric measurement under ISO 7724-2. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; acceptable pack differential pressure must be established for the exact resin, masterbatch carrier, and spin pack geometry.
