Section
| HS Code | 120899 |
| Product Name | Solvent Red 89 |
| Chemical Class | Azo dye |
| Color Index Number | C.I. 17925 |
| Cas Number | 6406-37-7 |
| Molecular Formula | C22H16N4O |
| Molecular Weight | 352.39 g/mol |
| Appearance | Red powder |
| Color | Red |
| Melting Point | Approximately 220 °C |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble in water |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in ethanol, acetone, toluene, and similar organic solvents |
| Stability | Stable under normal storage conditions |
As an accredited Solvent Red 89 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Solvent Red 89 packed in 25 kg fiber drums with inner polyethylene liners, sealed for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Solvent Red 89 is loaded into a 20′ FCL container in securely sealed, labeled packages with proper segregation and transport documentation. |
| Shipping | Solvent Red 89 is normally shipped as a non-regulated solid dye in sealed, labeled containers, protected from moisture and light. Confirm the current SDS; if classified as environmentally hazardous, apply the assigned UN number, class, packing group, proper shipping name, and marks. Follow DOT/IATA/IMDG rules. |
| Storage | Store Solvent Red 89 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers. Keep containers tightly closed, clearly labeled, and upright; prevent dust formation or moisture ingress. Use secondary containment and follow local regulations plus the manufacturer’s safety data sheet for specific storage and segregation requirements. |
| Shelf Life | Solvent Red 89: approximately five years under recommended storage—dry, cool, dark, and in tightly sealed containers. |
In polystyrene and ABS injection moulding, Solvent Red 89 is normally dispersed by pre-dissolving the dye into a matching polymer carrier at 10–20 wt% masterbatch concentration, then let down at 1:25 to 1:50 to yield final dye loadings between 0.005 wt% and 0.08 wt%. The masterbatch is produced on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 40:1 L/D and segmented screw elements operating at 180–230°C, with melt pressure of 40–70 bar upstream of a 200–400 µm screen pack. At the moulding machine, a 25–35 mm general-purpose screw with 20:1–24:1 L/D and compression ratio 2.5:1–3.0:1 is used; melt temperature is held at 210–240°C for polystyrene and 230–250°C for ABS, with back pressure of 60–90 bar to maintain colour homogeneity. ABS must be pre-dried to <0.1% moisture at 80°C for 2–4 h; failure to do so causes silver streaking that is visually misread as dye plate-out. The compliance pathway for food-contact moulded articles is FDA 21 CFR 178.3297 for polymer colorants, supplemented by overall migration testing under EU Regulation 10/2011 where the article is intended for food contact. Toy and consumer goods require extraction limits under EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021. Terminal parts include rigid cosmetic packaging, appliance trim, disposable tableware and translucent light diffusers. On production-scale moulding with hot-runner systems, the critical boundary is hot-runner residence time: if the melt holds above 250°C for more than 5 min in a manifold, a measurable yellow shift occurs; colour tolerance should be controlled by spectrophotometer to ΔE*ab ≤ 0.8 under D65/10° per ISO 7724-2. The same addition range cannot be transferred to soft PVC because plasticizer extraction migrates the dye to the surface and produces rub-off.
PMMA flat-sheet extrusion for red edge-lit display panels and decorative glazing uses a different dispersion route: the dye is introduced as a 10–15 wt% PMMA-based masterbatch, not by dry pigment tumbling, because dry addition creates surface specking at polished roll lines. Final dye content in the sheet is held at 0.01–0.04 wt%; above 0.06 wt% transmission haze becomes measurable and the red shifts from a primary red toward a brown tint when assessed under ISO 13468-2. The sheet line consists of a vented single-screw extruder with 32:1 L/D and a barrier screw, melt temperature 230–250°C, die temperature 245–255°C, and polished roll temperatures of 75–95°C. PMMA pellets are dried at 80°C for 3–4 h to a dew point of -30°C before extrusion; inadequate drying produces microvoids that scatter light and mimic dye solubility failure. Compliance for indoor glazing and point-of-purchase displays requires REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 SVHC screening and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II restrictions for lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium. Weathering resistance is assessed by ISO 4892-2:2013; for exterior glazing, Solvent Red 89 in PMMA is limited without a UV barrier coextrusion layer because the chromophore has restricted wet-light fastness. Terminal products include edge-lit signage, diffusers, display shelves and interior architectural panels.
In two-component nitrocellulose-alkyd wood lacquers, Solvent Red 89 is pre-dissolved to 10–15 wt% in a solvent blend of methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate before being added during the final let-down stage. The final dye concentration is kept at 0.1–0.5 wt% of the total liquid lacquer; loadings above 0.7 wt% produce a rub-out colour shift and red staining on household cloths because the dye migrates from the dried film. The production process does not require bead milling: the nitrocellulose chip is first dissolved in the ester/ketone blend in a high-speed disperser at 800–1500 rpm, plasticizer and alkyd are added, and the dye solution is introduced after filtration through a 25 µm bag to avoid seed formation. Application is by spray gun at 90–150 µm wet film thickness, followed by forced drying at 40–60°C. Compliance requirements for interior wood finishes supplied to the EU include EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 for toy surface coatings and Directive 2004/42/EC Annex II VOC solvent limits for furniture coatings. U.S. indirect food-contact packaging applications would fall under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 only where the film is behind a functional barrier and not on the food-contact side. Terminal articles are interior furniture, musical instrument lacquers, picture frames and decorative interior wood panels. The system is not suited to exterior exposure unless an acrylic topcoat containing UV absorbers is applied, because the dye fades rapidly in wet sunlight.
Gravure laminating inks based on nitrocellulose-polyurethane binders running on 12 µm polyester film at 120–180 m/min typically carry Solvent Red 89 at 1.5–2.5 wt% of the finished ink when the printed film is laminated to a white polyethylene layer. The dye is dissolved separately in a 20:80 ethanol/ethyl acetate mutual solvent blend and added after the resin let-down; no high-energy pigment dispersion step is necessary, although a final 10 µm bag filtration is standard. The main compliance gate is the EUPIA Exclusion Policy for printing inks applied to food packaging, supplemented by FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for adhesive and coating components used in laminated structures where direct food contact is excluded. Print constructions must maintain a functional barrier—either a 12–20 µm aluminium foil or a polyethylene terephthalate layer of specified thickness—because solvent dyes can migrate through polyolefin sealants. Terminal product types include retort pouches, snack packaging laminates, shrink sleeves and labels. The operational boundary is lamination temperature: above 85°C in the secondary lamination nip, the dye may sublimate from the ink into the adhesive and produce halo effects at the edge of printed lines.
For epoxy-polyester hybrid powder topcoats, Solvent Red 89 is incorporated at 0.05–0.3 wt% of the total formulation, not as a dry pigment but as a dye charge in the premix along with binder, crosslinker and flow control agents. The premix is compounded on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 16–27 mm screw diameter and 40:1 L/D, using zone temperatures of 90–110°C and a melt residence time of 15–30 s; the melt is cooled on a chill roll to 8–12°C and ground in an air classifying mill to 35–45 µm average particle size. Over-dosing above 0.5 wt% causes a measurable drop in powder glass transition temperature below 55°C, leading to blocking in storage and flow defects during electrostatic spray application. Compliance for architectural aluminium is Qualicoat 16th edition powder specification, with AAMA 2604 or AAMA 2605 where U.S. high-performance exterior requirements apply; RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II restricts lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium in coated electronic parts. Terminal product types include office furniture, appliance housings, architectural profiles and point-of-sale fixtures. The operational boundary in the oven is key: at 200°C peak metal temperature for 15 min the dye is stable, but if overbake above 220°C is required, colour retention must be validated under ASTM D2244 because the chromophore may shift toward orange in high-gloss finishes.
In PET staple-fibre melt spinning, Solvent Red 89 is delivered through a polyester-carrier masterbatch rather than by direct liquid dosing, because the high melt temperature demands pre-dispersion to prevent filter-pressure rise. Final dye content in the fibre is typically 0.02–0.15 wt%; the upper limit is constrained by migration to the fibre surface in drawn yarn and by colour strength flattening above 0.15 wt%. PET chip is dried to <50 ppm moisture at 160–180°C before entering a single-screw extruder with 28:1–32:1 L/D, melt temperature 280–295°C, spin manifold pressure 120–180 bar and spin pack filtration at 20–40 µm. Drawing is performed at 3.0:1–3.5:1 draw ratio with heated godets at 80–120°C. Compliance for textile and nonwoven outlets is OEKO-TEX Standard 100, with REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 SVHC screening; food-contact nonwovens must comply with EU Regulation 10/2011 if the fibre is in direct food contact. Terminal products are spun-dyed polyester staple fibre for automotive carpet, upholstery and filtration media. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; each spin pack and draw line must be validated for shade drift because residence time distribution in the melt phase has a direct effect on the hue.
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Solvent Red 89 is supplied as a solvent-soluble red dye used in transparent polymer coloration, solvent-based printing inks, and selected industrial coatings. The commercial product is typically assigned to the halogenated xanthene chemical class, although the esterification state and counterion vary across manufacturing routes and are disclosed in registration dossiers rather than inferred from the trade designation. Colour strength is standardized against a reference batch by visible spectrophotometry in accordance with ISO 787-24 or an equivalent supplier method. Unlike particulate red pigments, Solvent Red 89 dissolves at the molecular level in the application matrix; this eliminates light-scattering haze but increases the dependence of fastness on polymer polarity, matrix free volume, and processing temperature.
Commercial model designations are not harmonized; a plastics-grade model may be labelled “SR89-PL” or “SR89-M,” whereas a low-dusting granular grade may carry “LD,” “GF,” or “G.” A high-purity grade is often controlled to a narrower molar extinction coefficient range in ethanol, with an acceptance window around 95–105 % of the certified reference. The appropriate model is selected from the certificate of analysis and application-specific requirements, not from nomenclature alone. Granular low-dust forms reduce airborne dusting losses below 0.1 % during automatic dosing, as measured by gravimetric filter collection, but they may dissolve more slowly in ketone-based ink systems than fine powder forms; a standard dissolution test at 10 % colourant concentration in methyl ethyl ketone under agitation at 300 rev/min is used to compare product forms.
Within the solvent dye range, Solvent Red 89 occupies a narrow performance band between low-halogenated xanthene reds and high-temperature anthraquinone reds such as C.I. Solvent Red 52 and C.I. Solvent Red 111. Compared with the anthraquinone types, Solvent Red 89 produces a brighter, more blue-shifted red shade in transparent resins but typically shows lower long-term light fastness under xenon-arc exposure as evaluated by ISO 4892-2 cycles and lower thermal stability under extended residence times above 240 °C. Published quantitative data for this exact dye are limited; substitution into an established formulation should be validated by a comparative drawdown at 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% dye content in the target polymer. The bromine substitution pattern is the main structural factor controlling migration kinetics: heavier brominated structures diffuse more slowly through glassy amorphous polymers such as polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate, but they can still exude in low-density polyethylene or plasticized PVC when the surface temperature exceeds 60 °C during storage or film winding.
Formulation differences from Solvent Red 43 and Solvent Red 48 are observed primarily in solubility and extraction behaviour. Solvent Red 89 is generally less water-soluble than the corresponding disodium salts and more compatible with ester- and ketone-rich ink binders; this property reduces water-bleed in printed films but does not confer universal resistance to alcohol-based overprint varnishes. Migration testing by a white PVC contact bleed method with visual grey scale assessment under ISO 105-A03 is required because xanthene dyes show measurable transfer after 72 h at 40 °C in plasticized PVC. These differences are not absolute; they are matrix-dependent and must be confirmed by certificate of analysis.
Because Solvent Red 89 is a dye rather than a pigment, the controlling analytical parameter is solubility, not particle-size distribution. This distinction affects downline filtration: inks and coatings can be clarified through a 1 µm membrane without significant colour loss, but melt processing can generate supersaturation if the loading exceeds the matrix solubility limit. In transparent polypropylene, solubility limitations produce red die-face deposits and surface bloom, whereas a particulate pigment would instead increase haze and reduce gloss. This difference is the primary reason Solvent Red 89 is selected for high-transparency red effects but is not recommended for monolayer polyolefin food-contact packaging without migration modelling under EU 10/2011.
Specification values for Solvent Red 89 are supplier-specific and are normally controlled on each batch certificate. The following table lists the typical analytical framework for solvent-soluble xanthene red dyes; the numerical windows are representative of this chemical class and must not replace the supplier-published specification for a particular commercial model.
| Parameter | Standard or method | Representative acceptance window | Batch verification requirement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moisture content | ISO 787-2 | ≤0.5 % | Dry before melt compounding if exceeded |
| Ash content at 600 °C | ISO 787-18 | ≤0.5 % | High values indicate inorganic carrier residues |
| Residue on 45 µm sieve | ISO 787-7 | ≤0.2 % | Undissolved matter may plug screen packs at 25–50 µm during extrusion |
| Colour strength relative to reference | ISO 787-24 | 95–105 % | Measured in a defined solvent or polymer plaque |
| Light fastness, xenon arc | ISO 105-B02 | 2–4 Blue Wool at 1/3 standard depth | Class-level range; product may vary |
| RoHS-restricted heavy metals | IEC 62321 series | Limits per RoHS 2011/65/EU Annex II | Required for electrical and electronic polymer grades |
Regulatory status is grade-dependent. Many industrial Solvent Red 89 grades are not cleared under FDA 21 CFR 178.3297 for food-contact polymers, and their use in packaging requires explicit supplier confirmation and migration testing under EU 10/2011 where applicable. REACH registration and RoHS conformity must be verified per specific CAS number; a supplier declaration alone is insufficient when the dye is used in electrical and electronic equipment. The maximum processing temperature and the upper load limit are also product-specific and should be extracted from the safety data sheet and technical data sheet rather than assumed from class behaviour.
Production-scale compounding of Solvent Red 89 into polymethyl methacrylate uses a 40–50 mm twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 and a barrel profile from 220 °C to 260 °C. Because the dye dissolves in the melt, the screw configuration is selected for distributive mixing rather than high-intensity dispersive kneading; two or three narrow kneading blocks are usually sufficient. At a dye loading of 1–2 wt%, colour strength is measured on injection-molded plaques according to ISO 787-24, and transmission haze is measured according to ASTM D1003. The melt residence time should be controlled between 20 s and 40 s. Sustained operation above 250 °C or residence times beyond 60 s can shift the absorbance maximum from the target red region toward shorter wavelength and reduce tinctorial strength; this failure mode is detected by an increase in CIELAB b* value under D65/10° illumination.
For injection molding, a clamp force of 80–120 t on a 160–250 t machine is typical for multi-cavity tools; melt temperature is limited to 240 °C for PMMA and 280 °C for polycarbonate, with screw-back pressure below 10 bar to avoid frictional heat. Pre-drying of PMMA at 80–90 °C for 4 h and polycarbonate at 120 °C for 4 h is required when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60 %. Residual moisture above 0.05 % in PMMA or 0.02 % in polycarbonate before processing produces splay in moldings but does not necessarily degrade the dye.
The main processing conflict in semi-crystalline matrices is solubility limit. In polypropylene, the solubility of chlorinated and brominated xanthene dyes is limited, and loadings above 0.3–0.5 wt% frequently produce red die-face deposits on the extruder within 30–60 min of continuous operation. Reducing the loading to 0.2 wt% or increasing melt temperature by 10–15 °C can reduce deposit formation, but only within the supplier’s stability window. Published data for Solvent Red 89 in polypropylene are limited, so co-extruded multilayer trials are recommended instead of monolayer formulations when migration and bloom are not acceptable. In polycarbonate and PMMA, the amorphous matrix free volume is lower and the practical loading ceiling is higher, but any combination with amine-based processing aids can cause dye destruction or colour shift due to nucleophilic attack on the halogenated xanthene ring.
Melt flow rate of the coloured PMMA is measured at 230 °C under 3.8 kg load using ISO 1133-1; dye addition below 1 wt% normally shifts MFR by less than 5 % relative to the uncoloured control. Batch-to-batch colour strength variation on the production line is assessed by preparing a 0.5 wt% PMMA plaque and measuring CIELAB coordinates under D65/10°. A strength deviation of ±3 % from the reference is generally acceptable for mass-toned transparent moldings; deviations above ±5 % require feed correction on the gravimetric dosing unit.
Gravure and flexographic ink formulations typically pre-dissolve Solvent Red 89 at 10–25 % colourant concentration in a solvent blend containing methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and isopropanol. Final ink viscosity is adjusted to 18–25 s on a flow cup with a 4 mm orifice in accordance with ISO 2431. Solubility is evaluated by visual absence of sediment after 24 h at 5 °C. Filtration through a 1 µm nylon membrane removes undissolved impurities without significant colour loss because the dye is in solution rather than suspension. Printed films show high transparency and gloss relative to pigment-based red inks, but the dye can migrate into adjacent PVC or polyolefin films when the laminate is stored above 50 °C for 72 h; therefore, the print construction must include a barrier layer or an overprint varnish verified by a contact bleed test.
Solvent Red 89 should be protected from combinations with primary and secondary amine-based additives, including certain hindered amine light stabilizers and epoxy curatives, unless compatibility has been demonstrated by a drawdown at the intended addition level. Strong nucleophiles can attack the halogenated xanthene structure, causing a measurable tristimulus shift of more than 2 ΔE*ab after 24 h at 80 °C in a sealed container. Storage of the dry dye should be below 30 °C and below 60 % relative humidity. If moisture uptake exceeds the specification limit in ISO 787-2, the product should be dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C for 4 h before use; drum ovens above 70 °C are not recommended because localized overheating can cause partial decomposition at the container walls.
Xenon-arc weathering of transparent polycarbonate samples containing 0.5 wt% Solvent Red 89 under ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 typically reveals that the dye contributes to colour fade before the polymer matrix yellows. The Blue Wool rating for halogenated xanthene reds is generally in the 2–4 band at 1/3 standard depth, which limits outdoor use to short-service-life articles unless UV absorbers are co-formulated. Even with UV absorbers, long-term exposure above 1000 h xenon-arc can reduce colour strength by more than 30 %; this is an inherent fastness boundary of the dye class, not a property that can be corrected by higher loading alone.
In solvent-based industrial coatings, Solvent Red 89 is used at 0.1–0.5 wt% on total binder solids for transparent red clears. The dye is dissolved in a ketone/cellosolve solvent mixture before the letdown stage; addition after letdown can create localized supersaturation and filter plugging in airless spray equipment fitted with 50–100 µm mesh screens. Coating films show a visible red transparency suitable for effect finishes when sprayed over silver metallic basecoats, but they should be protected with a two-component polyurethane clearcoat to reduce dye migration and colour fade under outdoor exposure.
