Section
| HS Code | 700004 |
| Product Name | Solvent Orange 99 |
| Color Index Name | C.I. Solvent Orange 99 |
| Chemical Class | Solvent dye |
| Appearance | Orange powder |
| Physical Form | Powder or granules |
| Color Shade | Orange |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in alcohols, ketones, esters, and aromatic solvents |
| Density | Approximately 1.2-1.5 g/cm3 |
| Moisture Content | ≤1.0% |
| Ash Content | ≤0.5% |
| Dye Content | ≥95% (typical) |
| Light Fastness | Good to excellent, typically 5-7 on blue wool scale |
| Heat Stability | Stable up to approximately 180-200°C |
| Acid Resistance | Good |
| Alkali Resistance | Good |
| Ph Value | Approximately 6-8 |
As an accredited Solvent Orange 99 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Solvent Orange 99 is supplied in 25 kg net double-lined fiber drums with sealed poly bags, labeled and securely closed for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Solvent Orange 99 packed in sealed drums, palletized and secured in a 20-foot FCL container for ocean shipment. |
| Shipping | Ship Solvent Orange 99 in securely sealed, properly labeled containers, using UN-approved packaging where required. Classify according to the current SDS and applicable transport regulations. Protect from moisture, light, and extreme temperatures; avoid ignition sources and segregate from oxidizers. Keep shipping documents and emergency information available throughout transport. |
| Storage | Store Solvent Orange 99 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use and avoid generating dust or aerosols. Separate from oxidizing agents and other incompatible materials. Use secondary containment where appropriate, label containers clearly, and follow the supplier’s SDS and local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Cool, dry, well-ventilated, tightly closed, away from light: Solvent Orange 99 shelf life is typically about two years. |
Gravure ink concentrates are prepared by dissolving C.I. Solvent Orange 99 in n-propyl acetate or an 80:20 w/w n-propyl acetate/ethyl acetate mixture at 10 wt% to 20 wt% dye solids. A high-shear rotor-stator mixer operating at tip speeds between 15 m/s and 25 m/s is used until a 5 µm absolute filter shows no visible retained particles after two passes. Because solvent evaporation in the drying tunnel shifts solubility, the base ink is adjusted to a final dye concentration of 0.5 wt% to 2.0 wt% and printed on 70 LPI to 75 LPI laser-engraved ceramic anilox rolls. Viscosity is controlled to 18 s to 25 s by ISO 2431:2019 cup 4 or an equivalent flow cup. The terminal products are flexible food packaging and shrink sleeves where migration compliance is governed by Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Swiss Ordinance 817.023.21, and FDA 21 CFR 176.170 if a functional barrier is absent. Published migration data for C.I. Solvent Orange 99 in these configurations is limited; each new film structure must be subjected to overall migration testing under the intended food simulant, typically 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid, or 95% ethanol for fatty foods. Printing defects linked to dye recrystallization on the anilox surface are reduced by adding 2 wt% of a slow-evaporating glycol ether to the ink let-down.
| Standard designation | Scope | Parameter checked |
|---|---|---|
| Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 | Plastic food contact materials | Overall migration per Annex II |
| Swiss Ordinance 817.023.21 | Printing inks for food packaging | Substance-specific migration where a positive list entry exists |
| FDA 21 CFR 176.170 | Paper and paperboard components | Extractives under aqueous and fatty simulants |
Cast polymethyl methacrylate processing differs from injection moulding because the dye is dissolved in methyl methacrylate monomer before polymerization. A 0.01 wt% to 0.10 wt% addition level is used, with a pre-filtration step through a 1 µm absolute polypropylene cartridge to remove undyed dye particles that would otherwise appear as specks in the finished sheet. The monomer-dye solution is poured between glass plates and polymerized at 40 °C to 60 °C for 12 h to 24 h, followed by a post-cure ramp to 110 °C. Light transmittance and haze are measured on 3 mm sheets according to ASTM D1003. Weathering for outdoor signage uses ISO 4892-2 xenon-arc exposure at 0.35 W/m² at 340 nm with a 1,000 h target; published data for C.I. Solvent Orange 99 in this specific PMMA cast sheet configuration is limited. The typical terminal parts are edge-lit signage, light-guide panels, and aircraft cabin decorative laminates. Compliance for toy or infant applications requires EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 migration of elements on the finished article.
In low-paraffin candle wax and decorative wax melts, C.I. Solvent Orange 99 is first dissolved in a low-viscosity hydrocarbon or fatty acid ester carrier at 1.0 wt% to 5.0 wt% before addition to the molten wax at 70 °C to 90 °C. The final dye concentration in the wax body is 0.05 wt% to 0.3 wt%, with the lower end used for translucent wax and the upper end for deeply coloured pressed candles. Agitation is maintained by a low-shear paddle mixer at 50 rpm to 80 rpm until the wax is homogeneous; high-shear dispersion is not required. The critical limitation is bloom: if the dye exceeds its solubility in the specific paraffin blend at storage temperatures below 15 °C, waxy surface deposits can appear within 14 days. Finished candles are evaluated for visible bloom and wick performance under ASTM F2417 and EN 15493; soot measurement during a 4 h burn is conducted according to EN 15426. Terminal products include scented container candles, pillar candles, and wax melts for warmers. Fragrance oils and amine-based inhibitors introduced for soot suppression can shift solubility and should be tested at the lowest expected storage temperature before production.
For two-component polyester-polyol and aliphatic isocyanate coatings on extruded aluminium profiles, C.I. Solvent Orange 99 is introduced as a 10 wt% solution in butyl acetate under a high-speed disperser at 1,000 rpm to 1,500 rpm. The final dye concentration is 0.1 wt% to 0.8 wt% on total resin solids, added after the mill base but before the isocyanate crosslinker, because the dye solution may contain trace moisture that deactivates isocyanate functionality. Pot-life at 23 °C and 50% RH is monitored by ISO 2431:2019 flow cup until viscosity rises by 30%; spraying is completed before this point. Curing proceeds at 80 °C for 30 min or 23 °C for 7 days. Adhesion to the substrate is tested in accordance with ISO 2409, and accelerated weathering of the cured film follows ISO 16474-2. The terminal products are gold-to-amber coloured aluminium frames, furniture extrusions, and architectural trim. The formulation is not recommended for direct food contact coatings due to the absence of specific migration data for C.I. Solvent Orange 99. Use in transparent topcoats below 0.1 wt% avoids reducing the pot-life predictability of the isocyanate component.For blow-moulded polyethylene terephthalate bottles and styrenic closures used in aqueous food contact, C.I. Solvent Orange 99 is incorporated via a PET base resin masterbatch at a let-down giving 0.01 wt% to 0.05 wt% in the bottle wall, and via a polystyrene carrier masterbatch at 0.02 wt% to 0.08 wt% in the cap. Injection stretch-blow moulding of PET uses preform melt temperatures of 270 °C to 285 °C, while styrenic closures are injection moulded at 200 °C to 230 °C. The colourant must remain below the migration limit applicable to the plastic layer under Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011; a functional barrier cannot be assumed for monolayer PET bottle sidewalls. Migration testing is carried out with 10% ethanol at 40 °C for 10 days under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 Article 18 and with 3% acetic acid if acidic beverages are intended. Because published migration data for C.I. Solvent Orange 99 in PET is limited, a screening migration test using EU simulant E under the relevant test conditions is required before commercial use. The terminal products include amber-tinted beverage bottles, caps, and cosmetic containers. The same dye is not recommended for high-temperature retort PET because the thermal exposure above 121 °C can shift colour strength and increase migration risk.
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Solvent Orange 99 (Colour Index C.I. Solvent Orange 99) is supplied as a low-dusting granular preparation, micronized powder, or pre-dissolved liquid concentrate for melt-processed polymers and solvent-borne coating systems. Representative commercial forms are selected according to metering equipment, screw configuration, and cleaning cycles: granular grades suit gravimetric side feeding, powder grades are used in masterbatch production, and liquid concentrates allow direct letdown at the extruder throat. The product functions as a molecularly dissolved dye rather than a particulate pigment; in amorphous matrices such as polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, this mechanism eliminates particle-boundary light scattering and permits transparent orange shades in thin-wall mouldings and coatings. Commercial specifications are grade-dependent and include dye assay, residual moisture, ash content, and thermogravimetric stability, with acceptance criteria stated in the supplier’s batch certificate rather than in a single universal figure. Because no particulate interface exists, the product does not contribute haze from discrete particles, but the same molecular solubility reduces hiding power and can increase migration sensitivity in semicrystalline polyolefins. Optical performance is typically assessed on 2 mm injection-moulded plaques using transmission colour coordinates and ΔE*ab according to ISO 11664-4:2008; direct formulation work should use the specific commercial grade, polymer base, and letdown ratio because published data for this specific configuration is limited.
In polycarbonate, melt processing is generally conducted at 280–320 °C with mould temperatures between 80 °C and 120 °C, depending on part thickness and flow length. The dye is not exposed to these temperatures in isolation; it is dissolved in a polymer melt with high viscosity and shear. In a twin-screw compounding line with L/D 40:1 and modular screw elements, dispersive mixing is effective but thermal residence time becomes the dominant risk factor for shade drift. Pre-drying of polycarbonate to residual moisture below 0.02% at 120 °C for 4 h is required to prevent hydrolytic chain scission; the dye feeder and any masterbatch carrier must be equally dry because residual moisture at the dye-polymer interface can accelerate local oxidation. Shade stability is monitored by injection moulding plaques after defined residence-time trials and measuring ΔE*ab under D65/10° conditions. The processing window for this product is grade-specific, and thermal excursion beyond 320 °C or hold-up trials beyond 5 min must be validated on production equipment because published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Common failure modes observed on production lines include pre-sublimation deposits on vent ports and die lips when the dye is metered at excessive feed rates, and shade shift in hot runners when the nozzle temperature exceeds the barrel profile. These effects are not unique to Solvent Orange 99 but are amplified by any solvent dye with limited thermal stability. Nitrogen blanketing at the hopper, vent-port vacuum of −0.08 MPa or better, and direct gravimetric dosing from a side feeder reduce atmospheric oxidation and improve lot-to-lot colour consistency.
Solvent Orange 99 is characterized in the incoming inspection laboratory by dye assay, moisture, ash, and heavy-metal profiling. Dye content is determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry in a suitable solvent such as toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, or a defined ester blend; the exact wavelength and absorptivity are lot-specific and are supplied with the reference standard. Residual moisture is commonly evaluated by ISO 787-2:1981 after adaptation for solvent-soluble dyes, or by coulometric Karl Fischer titration when the dye is soluble in the titration medium. Ash content and insoluble matter are monitored because inorganic residues can block melt filters and create surface defects in thin films. For high-temperature polymer use, thermogravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under nitrogen is used as a screening tool; the acceptance criterion is defined by the supplier, and the test alone does not predict melt stability in a twin-screw extruder.
| Regulatory or quality requirement | Reference or test method | Typical acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|
| EU RoHS hazardous substance restriction | Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by (EU) 2015/863; IEC 62321-5:2013, IEC 62321-7-1:2015, IEC 62321-8:2017 | Pb ≤ 1000 mg/kg; Cd ≤ 100 mg/kg; Hg ≤ 1000 mg/kg; Cr(VI) ≤ 1000 mg/kg; PBB/PBDE ≤ 1000 mg/kg |
| REACH SVHC screening | Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Article 33 | SVHC content below 0.1 wt% in the supplied dye unless declared by the supplier |
| Toy safety element migration | EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 | Element-specific migration limits; grade-specific confirmation required |
| Food-contact colorant status | 21 CFR 178.3297 and 21 CFR 175.300 | Not automatically compliant; specific commercial grade and end-use condition must be verified |
Regulatory acceptance is not intrinsic to the Colour Index designation. A C.I. Solvent Orange 99 grade that passes RoHS screening may still fail a specific food-contact or toy-safety requirement because the synthetic route, residual intermediates, and surface treatment differ among manufacturers. For applications governed by food-contact regulations, the formulator must obtain a letter of assurance for the exact grade and test the final article under EN 1186-1:2002 overall migration conditions or the relevant food-simulant protocol. In electronic and automotive applications, the dye must be assessed as part of the homogeneous material, not as a pure substance; lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent chromium are the elements most commonly specified in incoming inspection plans. Solvent Orange 99 does not function as a stabilizer or processing aid, and its addition should not alter the polymer’s UL 94 flammability classification unless letdown testing demonstrates otherwise.
Replacement of inorganic orange pigments with Solvent Orange 99 is most justifiable when the design requires high luminous transmission, low haze, or reduced pigment loading in thin-wall parts. Inorganic pigment dispersions with primary particle sizes above 0.2 µm scatter light and can raise haze values on 2 mm plaques from below 1% to above 5%, depending on dispersion quality and loading. A molecularly dissolved dye avoids this scattering mechanism, but it also contributes no UV-blocking particle interface. Thin-wall polycarbonate or PMMA components may therefore require an additional UV absorber or UV stabilizer package. The substitution is not a straightforward drop-in: Solvent Orange 60, Solvent Orange 63, and Solvent Orange 99 differ in absorption band shape, tinctorial strength, solubility, and thermal stability. Direct replacement without re-matching can produce unacceptable metamerism under outdoor lighting and should be avoided. Published comparative data for this specific configuration is limited; a spectrophotometric match must be generated on the target polymer and thickness.
For transparent orange signal parts, the colour tolerance is often specified as a box in CIE 1931 or CIELAB space, with acceptance limits of ±0.5 units for L*, a*, and b* in high-visibility applications. The actual limits depend on the OEM specification. Injection moulding trials should use the production mould, not a colour chip, because wall thickness and cooling rate affect crystallinity in semi-crystalline resins and therefore the apparent shade of a dissolved dye.
| Polymer matrix | Melt processing range | Pre-drying condition | Typical starting concentration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polycarbonate | 280–320 °C | 120 °C, 4 h, residual moisture < 0.02% | 0.05–0.50 wt% |
| Poly(methyl methacrylate) | 220–250 °C | 80 °C, 2–4 h | 0.02–0.30 wt% |
| Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene | 230–260 °C | 80 °C, 2–4 h | 0.05–0.50 wt% |
| Polystyrene | 200–250 °C | 70 °C, 1–2 h | 0.05–0.50 wt% |
The concentration ranges in the table are starting points for colour matching, not specification limits. Final loading must be established by transmission colour measurement on the production article because thickness, annealing, and polymer grade alter CIELAB coordinates.
In solvent-borne coating systems, Solvent Orange 99 is typically pre-dissolved at a concentration selected for viscosity and final tint strength in ketone, ester, or aromatic hydrocarbon blends before incorporation into clear lacquers. The solution is added under high-shear mixing but not high temperature; solvent evaporation and resin compatibility control the final film colour. The same dye can exhibit different lightfastness in a thin coating than in a thick polymer plaque because the surface-area-to-volume ratio and binder chemistry change the degradation kinetics. Accelerated weathering is therefore evaluated by ISO 4892-2:2013 or SAE J2527, with exposure time and colour retention limits specified by the end-use standard. For exterior automotive or architectural coatings, solvent dyes are generally less durable than high-performance pigments; the product should be used only where the specification permits dye-based colourants.
