Section
| HS Code | 854679 |
| Product Name | Solvent Blue 35 |
| Cas Number | 17354-14-2 |
| Ec Number | 241-379-4 |
| C I Number | 61554 |
| Molecular Formula | C22H26N2O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 350.46 g/mol |
| Appearance | Dark blue powder |
| Color | Blue |
| Melting Point | 120-122 °C |
| Density | 1.1 g/cm³ (approx.) |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble in water |
| Organic Solvent Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents |
| Logp | Approximately 5 |
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
As an accredited Solvent Blue 35 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Solvent Blue 35 is supplied in a 25 kg sealed fiber drum with an inner polyethylene liner for safe storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Solvent Blue 35 loaded in a 20-foot FCL container, securely packed and stowed for safe ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Solvent Blue 35 is typically shipped as non-dangerous goods—a solid dye in sealed, labeled containers. Use compliant packaging and documentation, and verify carrier/regulatory classification. Store away from oxidizers and moisture, avoid dust generation, handle with standard PPE, and confirm the current SDS and local/international transport rules before shipment. |
| Storage | Store Solvent Blue 35 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, ignition sources, and strong oxidizers. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent dust or moisture exposure. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and avoid generating dust. Do not store near food, feed, or drinking water. Maintain clear labeling and follow local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Stable under recommended storage conditions; typically 24 months when kept sealed in a cool, dry, dark place. |
Solvent Blue 35 (CI 61554, CAS 17354-14-2) is compounded into non-food-contact polystyrene, ABS and acrylic compounds by either direct dry-blend addition of a powder masterbatch or metering of a pre-dispersed chip at the feed throat. At letdown ratios of 0.02–0.3 wt% in polystyrene and 0.05–0.4 wt% in ABS, the dye dissolves in the polymer melt during twin-screw compounding with barrel set points of 210–250°C and screw speeds of 200–500 rpm; extruder geometry is normally a co-rotating twin-screw with L/D 32–44 and at least two mixing zones to prevent concentration striations. In injection moulding, multi-cavity tools with clamp forces between 600–1800 kN and high-compression screws with non-return valves are used to maintain colour consistency across shot-to-shot cycles. Industry compliance boundaries are defined by Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 Article 17 and Commission Regulation (EU) 10/2011: Solvent Blue 35 is not on the Union positive list for plastics in food contact, so these compounds must not be placed in direct food contact unless migration-specific testing demonstrates compliance. RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II heavy-metal thresholds for lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium apply to the dye lot as a heavy-metal gate; EN 71-3 extraction is frequently requested for toy-adjacent articles, but it is a heavy-metal standard and does not authorise organic dye migration. Terminal product types include non-food appliance control knobs, display bases, opaque lids for non-food containers, writing-instrument barrels, and cosmetic packaging parts.
Polyester preform and fibre lines using Solvent Blue 35 require a drying boundary that is not negotiable: PET pellets must be pre-dried to ≤50 ppm moisture before dye addition because residual water at melt temperatures of 280–300°C accelerates hydrolytic degradation and lowers intrinsic viscosity, measured per ASTM D4603-18. The formulation addition ratio for transparent tinted preforms sits between 0.01–0.05 wt%; above 0.1 wt% the dye can reduce visual brightness and increase the probability of hue drift from blue to green-cyan under prolonged barrel residence times. Processing equipment is typically an injection-moulding preform cell with 24–96 cavities, hot-runner valve gates, and melt filtration through 40–60 µm screen packs; because the dye is melt-soluble, filter pressure rise should remain below 5–15 bar over a shift unless contaminated regrind or undispersed masterbatch carrier is introduced. Plate-out on mould surfaces is rarely caused by the dye itself; it arises from incompatible masterbatch carriers, excessive titanium dioxide in opaque preforms, or poor hot-runner temperature balance. The production route is pellet drying, dosing of liquid dye or PET-compatible masterbatch, injection at 280–295°C, rapid cooling in the mould at 8–15°C, and post-mould annealing when crystallinity control is required. Terminal product types include non-food PET bottles for cosmetics and household chemicals, coloured preforms for toiletries, and industrial containers that do not require food-contact listing. Compliance boundaries follow REACH; because the dye is not listed in Commission Regulation (EU) 10/2011, preforms intended for beverage contact are outside the permitted use unless migration testing under Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 Article 3 is completed.
In solvent-borne flexographic and rotogravure ink systems, Solvent Blue 35 is introduced either as a pre-dissolved dye solution in ethyl acetate or as a high-viscosity chip dispersed in a nitrocellulose/polyurethane binder. Addition levels of 0.5–2.5 wt% based on total liquid ink provide transparent blue without the viscosity build or settling associated with pigment dispersions. The downstream process is generally a two-stage letdown: the dye concentrate is ground on a bead mill with 0.8–1.2 mm zirconia media, then let down with solvent to a final viscosity of 15–25 s DIN cup 4 for gravure or 30–45 s Ford cup 4 for flexographic printing. Press-side equipment includes enclosed doctor chambers and electrostatically assisted transfer units; surface wetting on treated polyester film above 38 dyn/cm is necessary to prevent reticulation. Regulatory compliance for non-food packaging follows REACH Article 33 communication obligations and EUPIA Good Manufacturing Practices for printing inks; for food-contact printed matter, Article 3 of Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 applies, but Solvent Blue 35 has no assigned specific migration limit in Commission Regulation (EU) 10/2011, so printed layers must not contact food unless a functional barrier is demonstrated. Terminal product types include non-food sleeve labels, decorative printed films for cosmetic outer cartons, book covers, point-of-sale banners, and security foils.
Solvent Blue 35 is incorporated into polyester/melamine coil-coating formulations at 0.2–1.5 wt% of total binder solids. The addition sequence matters: dye is added during the final letdown stage after the grind paste has been dispersed, avoiding competitive adsorption onto high-surface-area extenders, which can reduce colour strength. Reverse-roll application on a coil line is typically run at 80–150 m/min line speed with peak metal temperature 210–230°C and dwell 30–60 s; coating viscosity is maintained at 60–90 s DIN cup 4. Because the dye is soluble in the cured binder, the system does not exhibit pigment settling in recirculation lines, but solvent balance must be controlled to avoid dye precipitation in low-aromatic blends. Compliance boundaries include RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II for heavy metals; when specified for outdoor topcoats, Xenon arc or QUV testing per ISO 16474-2 is required, and published data for Solvent Blue 35 in exterior-grade polyester coil coatings is limited, so internal validation on the exact resin system is mandatory. Terminal product types include interior architectural metal cladding, ceiling panels, office furniture panels, and domestic appliance bodies; long-run exterior use is limited because solvent dyes typically have lower weatherability than high-performance pigments.
| Regulation or standard | Boundary for Solvent Blue 35 | Test or reference method |
|---|---|---|
| RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II | Homogeneous-material heavy-metal thresholds: Pb 1000 ppm, Cd 100 ppm, Hg 1000 ppm, Cr(VI) 1000 ppm | IEC 62321 series |
| Commission Regulation (EU) 10/2011 | Not on Union positive list; no direct food-contact use without migration testing | Article 3, Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 |
| EN 71-3 | Heavy-metal migration limit for toys; does not authorise organic dye migration | EN 71-3 extraction method |
| REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 | Registration and safety data sheet obligations; restriction status must be verified against Annex XVII | Article 33 communication |
In PMMA sheet and profile extrusion, Solvent Blue 35 is added at 0.005–0.1 wt% to produce blue-tinted light-transmitting panels; such low loadings are practical only when the dye is pre-dissolved in monomer or dosed as PMMA-compatible masterbatch, because direct powder feeding leads to local over-concentration and visible streaking. The production process for extruded sheet operates at melt temperatures of 230–250°C with a polished calender stack; cast sheet processing requires predissolution in syrup before addition to the cell. Spectral transmission near 450 nm remains relatively high because the anthraquinone chromophore absorbs primarily beyond 580 nm, but exact values depend on PMMA grade, sheet thickness, and dye loading. Luminous transmittance is measured per ISO 13468-2 and haze per ASTM D1003-21; at 0.02 wt%, total luminous transmittance loss in clear PMMA is often below 5%, though published data for this specific dye/PMMA grade combination is limited and must be confirmed on the actual resin. Terminal product types include blue-tinted LED edge-lit signage, appliance display windows, museum vitrine glazing, and light-control acrylic profiles.
For spray-applied nitrocellulose wood stains and leather finishing lacquers, Solvent Blue 35 is dissolved in a solvent blend comprising ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and isopropanol, then introduced at 0.1–1.5 wt% on dry lacquer solids. Air-atomised spray guns at 1.5–3.0 bar with fluid nozzles of 1.0–1.4 mm are used for application; flash-off is carried out at 20–25°C and forced drying at 50–60°C for 15–30 min. On leather, horizontal spray lines apply the dye in a base coat followed by a clear polyurethane top coat; rub fastness is evaluated according to ISO 11640:2018 with a felt pad, and a grey scale rating of 4 or higher is generally achievable only when a crosslinked top coat is present. In leather with no topcoat, the solvent-soluble dye has a known risk of migration into PVC and light-coloured fabrics; a crosslinked polyurethane topcoat is required for upholstery applications. Regulatory boundaries follow REACH; EN 71-3 is not a complete authorisation for organic dye migration in toys, and leather goods intended for direct skin contact are assessed for colour fastness to perspiration per ISO 11641. Terminal product types include dyed wood furniture, architectural millwork, leather shoes, bags, belts, and non-toy upholstery articles.
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Commercial Solvent Blue 35 is the anthraquinone derivative 1,4-bis(n-butylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, assigned Colour Index C.I. 61554 and CAS registry 17354-14-2. The molecule has formula C22H26N2O2 and a relative molecular mass of 350.46 g/mol. It is distributed under supplier-specific trade designations, including Macrolex Blue 2B, and is supplied as a dark blue powder with a typical assay of at least 98.0% by HPLC area normalization. Synthesis proceeds by reductive alkylamination of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone with n-butylamine, producing two 1,4-n-butylamino substituents. The dye is used as a soluble colorant in styrenic polymers, polycarbonate, acrylates, and selected polyester applications where low haze and controlled light transmission are required. At addition levels below 0.2 wt%, it yields a transparent blue with a transmission maximum in the 630–640 nm region in amorphous resins.
| Parameter | Typical Specification |
|---|---|
| Colour Index assignment | C.I. 61554 |
| CAS registry number | 17354-14-2 |
| IUPAC name | 1,4-bis(n-butylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione |
| Molecular formula | C22H26N2O2 |
| Relative molecular mass | 350.46 g/mol |
| Typical assay by HPLC | ≥98.0% |
| Appearance | Dark blue powder |
| Water solubility at 20°C | <0.1 mg/L |
| Melting range, supplier certificates | 135–145°C |
| Ash content at 800°C | <0.5 wt% |
Analytical release specifications vary by manufacturer, but the above values represent the normal commercial specification envelope. The dye is not a pigment dispersion; it dissolves molecularly in compatible polymer melts, which eliminates the particle-size-related haze and light-scattering effects associated with pigmentary blue formulations. Visual transmission testing is typically performed according to ISO 13468-2 on 2 mm injection-molded plaques, with total luminous transmittance exceeding 85% when the dye is used below 0.05 wt% in polycarbonate.
Solubility of Solvent Blue 35 follows the expected mid-molecular-weight anthraquinone pattern. It is readily soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, in chlorinated hydrocarbons, in cyclohexanone, and in esters including butyl acetate. Solubility in lower alcohols is limited; the compound is practically insoluble in water (<0.1 mg/L at 20°C). In polymer matrices, compatibility is highest in aromatic and polar amorphous resins. Polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile, polycarbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate provide sufficient thermodynamic compatibility to maintain transparency at addition levels up to 0.05–0.1 wt%. In semi-crystalline polyolefins, the absence of polar interaction sites leads to migration and surface bloom above approximately 0.05 wt%, limiting use to thin-gauge films where a concentration gradient is acceptable or where a coextruded barrier layer prevents surface exudation.
Thermal stability of Solvent Blue 35 is sufficient for injection molding of polycarbonate when melt temperatures do not exceed 320°C and residence time is kept below 5 min. Above that temperature, the n-butylamino substituents undergo thermolytic cleavage, leading to shade shift toward green and generation of low-level aromatic amines. For optical-grade polycarbonate, pre-drying at 120°C for 4 h to below 0.02% moisture is required to prevent hydrolytic degradation at processing temperatures of 280–310°C. In polyethylene terephthalate, the upper temperature limit is more restrictive; sustained melt exposure above 285°C causes color strength loss due to sublimation and possible ester interchange at the amino substituent. Processors therefore restrict Solvent Blue 35 to PET grades with a melting peak below 250°C and use short screw recovery times.
Compounding of Solvent Blue 35 into a carrier resin is performed on intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D ratios of 40:1 or higher. A typical masterbatch formulation contains 5–10 wt% dye in polycarbonate or styrenic carrier, processed at screw speeds of 300–600 rpm and melt temperatures of 240–280°C for styrenic carriers. The dye is introduced via the main feed throat as a pre-mixed powder with resin because its melting range is low enough to dissolve into the melt before the kneading blocks. High-shear dispersion elements are not required; distributive mixing with an average shear rate of 50–200 s⁻¹ is sufficient. Batch-to-batch variance in color strength remains below ±3% when the dye particle size distribution is controlled below 100 µm and feed hopper relative humidity is held below 60% RH.
Extrusion blow molding imposes a longer melt residence time at lower temperature than injection molding. The dye remains soluble in the melt at 220–260°C, but accumulator-head machines hold a large melt inventory for up to 10–15 min, which can produce measurable drift of the blue shade toward green in CIELAB. To counter this, processors lower masterbatch let-down to 0.02–0.05 wt% and avoid hot-runner systems with dead spots. In injection molding with hot runners, valve-gate systems are preferred over hot sprues because the dye is not shear-sensitive but is residence-time-sensitive. Mold temperatures of 80–110°C for polycarbonate are sufficient to replicate the surface polish without inducing dye migration to the surface.
Lightfastness of Solvent Blue 35 in transparent polymers is generally rated 6–7 on the ISO 105-B02 blue wool scale when tested at 0.05 wt% in 2 mm injection-molded polycarbonate plaques containing a UV absorber. Xenon arc exposure per ISO 4892-2 shows a color shift ΔE*ab below 2.0 after 1000 h only when a UV absorber is present; without stabilization, the shift exceeds 3.0 due to photofading of the anthraquinone chromophore. In polystyrene, the lightfastness is lower, with blue wool ratings of 4–5 under the same conditions. For outdoor glazing applications, Solvent Blue 35 is not recommended without co-stabilization and a UV-screening layer.
Regulatory positioning of Solvent Blue 35 depends on the specific grade and its migration behavior. For food-contact applications, compliance must be established under FDA 21 CFR 178.3297 where applicable, but not all Solvent Blue 35 grades exhibit acceptable migration into fatty food simulants under EU 10/2011. Under REACH, the substance is registered under CAS 17354-14-2, and users should verify SVHC status against the current ECHA candidate list. RoHS 2011/65/EU does not directly restrict Solvent Blue 35, but the product is not intended for use in toys or articles that exceed migration limits of EN 71-9 for certain aromatic amines. The dye should not be combined with strong reducing agents, as the quinone moiety is susceptible to reduction to the leuco form, causing temporary decolorization in low-oxygen environments.
Structure-activity differences between Solvent Blue 35 and related anthraquinone blues are directly attributable to the 1,4-amino substituents. Solvent Blue 36 (C.I. 61551, CAS 14233-37-5) is the 1,4-bis(isopropylamino) analogue with a relative molecular mass of 322.40 g/mol. The branched isopropyl groups confer higher thermal stability but lower solubility in non-polar paraffinic solvents, making Solvent Blue 36 preferred for PET and high-temperature polycarbonate applications, whereas Solvent Blue 35 offers better solubility in butyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone. Solvent Violet 13 (C.I. 60725, CAS 81-48-1) is a different anthraquinone derivative often used to shade blue tonality; its molecular structure contains a hydroxyl substituent and a p-tolylamino group, and it is less thermally stable under polycarbonate processing. The table below summarizes these differences.
| Property | Solvent Blue 35 | Solvent Blue 36 | Solvent Violet 13 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAS registry number | 17354-14-2 | 14233-37-5 | 81-48-1 |
| Colour Index assignment | 61554 | 61551 | 60725 |
| Molecular formula | C22H26N2O2 | C20H22N2O2 | C21H15NO3 |
| Relative molecular mass | 350.46 g/mol | 322.40 g/mol | 329.35 g/mol |
| Substituent pattern | 1,4-bis(n-butylamino) | 1,4-bis(isopropylamino) | 1-hydroxy-4-p-tolylamino |
| Typical matrix | PS, SAN, PMMA, PC, PET limited | PS, ABS, PC, PET, HIPS | PS, SAN, PMMA, PC, PVC |
| Preferred processing | Injection molding below 320°C | Injection molding up to 340°C | Low-temperature processing below 260°C |
| Solubility in butyl acetate | Higher | Medium | High |
| Heat stability | Medium | High | Lower |
When substituting Solvent Blue 36 with Solvent Blue 35 in a polycarbonate formulation, the addition level must be recalculated because the relative color strength per mole differs by approximately 8% due to molecular mass difference. Full color matching should be performed using a spectrophotometer with D65 illuminant and 10° observer per ISO 11664-4. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; therefore, production trials on intended equipment are required to validate shade, transmission, and mechanical property retention.
Solvent Blue 35 also finds use in non-polymer hydrocarbon matrices such as candle wax, mineral oil, and printing inks. In paraffin wax, addition levels of 0.005–0.02 wt% yield a transparent blue without blooming. The solubility in paraffinic hydrocarbons is lower than in aromatic solvents, but melt blending at 85–95°C disperses the dye sufficiently. In offset printing inks, the dye is used at 1–3 wt% in the vehicle to adjust blue shade; however, its migration in low-viscosity mineral oils limits use in food-grade printed matter unless a binder overprint is applied. In engine lubricant leak-detection formulations, the dye is used at parts-per-million levels, but published data for this specific configuration is limited.
