Section
| HS Code | 584354 |
| Product Name | Permanent Yellow HRO2 |
| Color Index Name | C.I. Pigment Yellow 83 |
| Color Index Number | 21108 |
| Cas Number | 5567-15-7 |
| Chemical Class | Diarylide yellow disazo organic pigment |
| Appearance | Yellow powder |
| Color Shade | Reddish yellow |
| Specific Gravity | 1.5 g/cm³ approx. |
| Oil Absorption | 35–45 g/100 g |
| Ph | 6–8 |
| Moisture Content | ≤1.0% |
| Water Soluble Matter | ≤1.0% |
| Light Fastness | 6–7 blue wool scale |
| Heat Resistance | 180–200 °C |
| Acid Resistance | 5 on 1–5 scale |
| Alkali Resistance | 5 on 1–5 scale |
| Solvent Resistance | 4–5 on 1–5 scale |
| Migration Resistance | 4–5 on 1–5 scale |
| Hiding Power | Good |
| Tinting Strength | High |
As an accredited Permanent Yellow HRO2 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Permanent Yellow HRO2 is supplied in 25 kg net multiwall paper bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Loaded in a 20-foot FCL container, Permanent Yellow HRO2 packed in suitable bags/drums, palletized and secured for safe ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Permanent Yellow HRO2 (C.I. Pigment Yellow 83) is generally shipped as a non-hazardous solid pigment. It is not classified as dangerous goods for transport; no UN number, hazard class, or packing group applies. Use sealed, properly labeled containers and follow local shipping regulations. |
| Storage | Store Permanent Yellow HRO2 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated, segregated area away from direct sunlight, moisture, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Keep containers tightly closed, labelled, and protected from physical damage. Avoid dust generation and inhalation; use grounded equipment and keep away from food, drink, and animal feed. |
| Shelf Life | When stored dry, cool, well-ventilated, and protected from light, Permanent Yellow HRO2 typically has a shelf life of about five years. |
In short-oil alkyd/melamine-formaldehyde baking enamels, Permanent Yellow HRO2 (C.I. Pigment Yellow 83) is dispersed in a high-solids grind resin rather than in the complete letdown vehicle. A typical millbase contains 18–25 wt% pigment on grind resin solids, adjusted to maintain a pigment-to-binder ratio below 0.35 in the final dried film. Dispersion is carried out on a Cowles high-shear dissolver at a tip speed of 18–25 m/s followed by bead milling with 0.8–1.0 mm yttria-stabilised zirconia media. The grind endpoint is verified to ISO 1524 with a Hegman gauge; values coarser than 20 µm are unacceptable for smooth topcoats. Overbake tolerance is the critical boundary in this application. Under forced-curing cycles at 140–160°C for 20–30 min, shade drift is typically measured against a standard panel with ΔE values recorded per ISO 11664-4. For extended cycles above 170°C, published data for this specific pigment-binder combination is limited; therefore, production validation with a 45-min gradient bake is required before locking the formulation. The pigment does not contribute volatile organic compounds, but the complete paint must comply with Directive 2004/42/EC for industrial coatings. Heavy-metal declarations for coated articles are checked against Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS limits of 1000 ppm lead and 100 ppm cadmium. In two-component polyurethane topcoats cured at 80–100°C, the same dispersing protocol applies, but the pot life and isocyanate stoichiometry must be controlled independently because the pigment does not consume isocyanate but can adsorb amine catalysts if post-added.
Thermoset polyester/TGIC powder coatings require a dispersion step that is fundamentally different from solventborne paint manufacture. Permanent Yellow HRO2 is pre-mixed with polyester resin, TGIC hardener, flow modifier, and degasser before melt compounding. A typical loading is 3–6 wt% of total formulation. The pigment is added in the first-stage premix rather than post-blended to avoid low-gloss aggregates. Melt compounding is performed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio between 16:1 and 24:1, barrel profile 90–110°C, and screw speed 200–400 rpm. Residence time must remain below 45 s; longer exposure at the feed throat can cause localized pigment wetting defects and non-uniform tinting strength in the final powder. After cooling, the chip is milled with a classifier mill to a particle-size distribution of D50 35–45 µm for consistent tribo-charging. For polyester/HAA systems, the higher acid value and lower cure start temperature require a lower extruder zone set of 85–95°C to prevent melt-stage reaction. Oven cure at 180–200°C for 10–15 min does not cause shade change in this pigment, but below 160°C full colour development may be incomplete in low-bake polyester formulations; published data for this specific configuration is limited. Pre-drying at 70–80°C for 2 h is required when storage humidity exceeds 60% RH, because moisture above 0.2 wt% can generate pinholes in cured films. The cured coating is tested for colour stability under accelerated weathering per ISO 4892-2 with a xenon-arc source; the pigment’s lightfastness must be evaluated in the final full-shade and reduction, not as a dry powder.
Rigid PVC film and sheet production places the harshest thermal demands on diarylide yellow pigments during calendering. Permanent Yellow HRO2 is used at 0.2–1.0 phr, depending on gauge and hiding requirements. The pigment is first prepared as a paste in a small portion of PVC resin with stabiliser, then added to the dry blend. In calendering lines with roll-bank temperatures of 170–190°C, the pigment resists sublimation and tends not to deposit on the first cooling roll, provided the stabiliser package is not heavily metal-loaded. Calcium-zinc stabilisers are preferred over lead-based systems when contact with food or toys is regulated. Heat-stability checking is carried out by visual grey scale assessment per ISO 105-A02 after 30 min at 190°C; a grey-scale rating below 4 indicates that the stabiliser package is depleted, not that the pigment has failed. The diarylide structure may survive typical HCl generation during PVC processing if stabilisers remain active; however, if stabiliser depletion occurs, the colour dulls rapidly and cannot be recovered by process adjustment. In thin-gauge film below 100 µm, pigment agglomerates larger than 25 µm cause visible specks; screen packs of 80–100 mesh are recommended. For outdoor profiles, accelerated weathering per ASTM D2565 is required, with colour change evaluated after 2000 h against an unexposed reference. The pigment should not be dry-blended directly into the hopper without predispersion, because static charge and low resin wetting can create streaks in the finished sheet.
Polyolefin masterbatch operations using LDPE or LLDPE carriers typically predisperse Permanent Yellow HRO2 at 30–50 wt% pigment loading in a kneader or twin-screw extruder. The critical boundary is processing temperature. Above 230°C, especially in PP homopolymer injection moulding at 240–260°C, subtle shade dulling can occur when the carrier residence time exceeds 2 min. For film-grade applications, a letdown ratio of 1:25 to 1:50 is common, yielding a final pigment concentration of 0.8–1.2 wt%. Dispersive mixing is influenced by the melt flow index of the carrier; a carrier MFI of 20–40 g/10 min at 190°C/2.16 kg per ISO 1133-1:2022 balances wetting and film mechanical strength. Accelerated weathering per ASTM D2565 indicates that colour retention in outdoor film depends more on the UV stabiliser package than on pigment degradation; use of a HALS stabiliser and a triazine UV absorber is required. Do not pre-blend the pigment with benzoyl peroxide or other strong oxidising initiators, because oxidative degradation of the diarylide chromophore can occur. In cast film lines running at 240°C with 25–35 m/min haul-off, predispersion in a twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 is preferred over single-screw dosing to avoid speck formation. Published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Water-based flexographic concentrates for paper and board require careful control of amine volatility because pH defines both resin solubility and pigment wetting. Permanent Yellow HRO2 is used at 20–30 wt% pigment in a resin solution of styrene-acrylic or acrylic polymer neutralised with ammonia to pH 8.5–9.5. The dispersion is produced in a high-energy bead mill with 0.8–1.0 mm zirconia beads; milling temperature is held below 40°C to prevent ammonia loss and partial coalescence. pH is checked after letdown with a calibrated electrode per ISO 787-9. If pH falls below 8.0, resin solubility decreases and viscosity increases; add fresh ammonia solution to restore pH, but repeated additions increase conductivity above 3000 µS/cm and can impair print sharpness. Hard water with calcium ion concentration above 500 ppm can precipitate polymer and reduce colour strength; softened water is preferred. Wetting is improved with an acetylene diol surfactant at 0.3–0.8 wt% on ink, but alkylphenol ethoxylates are excluded under EU REACH Annex XVII restrictions. For printed paper and board intended for food contact, compliance with Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 must be verified, and PY83 should not be used where direct food contact is possible without a functional barrier coating. The final press-ready ink is filtered through a 25 µm bag filter to remove oversized agglomerates and ensure clean transfer on flexo plates.
In sheet-fed offset ink manufacture, the pigment is not merely dispersed; it must survive fountain-solution emulsification without flocculating or increasing tack. Permanent Yellow HRO2 is compounded into an alkyd/rosin-modified phenolic vehicle at 12–18 wt% pigment. Grinding is carried out on a three-roll mill or in a high-speed mixer until the average particle size is below 5 µm and no particles larger than 15 µm remain per ISO 1524. Fountain-solution uptake of 25–35% is typical; if uptake exceeds 35%, the ink may become greasy and lose transfer density. Tack stability is monitored on an inkometer; an increase above the press baseline within 3 min indicates poor water tolerance. Overpigmentation above 20 wt% can shorten ink flow and cause piling on the blanket, so a high-viscosity varnish at 40–60 Pa·s at 25°C is used to maintain transfer. The pigment provides high colour strength but requires a lower pigment loading than less dispersible yellow pigments. For UV-curable offset inks, the photoinitiator package may cause shade drift during post-cure; test at the lowest feasible photoinitiator concentration and verify colour after a 1000 mJ/cm² UV dose. Do not combine with cobalt driers above 0.08% metal on ink, because excess cobalt can accelerate oxidative degradation of the vehicle and alter pigment wetting. Registration under EU REACH is the responsibility of the formulator; the pigment substance must be covered by a valid registration or exemption.
| Application | Standard or Regulation | Parameter | Control Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solventborne industrial topcoat | ISO 1524 | Grind fineness | ≤ 20 µm |
| Polyester/TGIC powder coating | ISO 4892-2 | Xenon-arc weathering | Internal standard match |
| Rigid PVC calendering | ISO 105-A02 | Grey-scale heat stability | ≥ 4 after 30 min at 190°C |
| Polyolefin masterbatch | ISO 1133-1:2022 | Carrier melt flow index | 20–40 g/10 min at 190°C/2.16 kg |
| Water-based flexo concentrate | ISO 787-9 | pH of aqueous suspension | 8.5–9.5 |
| Sheet-fed offset ink | ISO 1524 | Grind fineness | ≤ 5 µm average, 15 µm max |
| All coated/printed articles | Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS | Lead / cadmium | 1000 ppm / 100 ppm |
Competitive Permanent Yellow HRO2 prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please contact us at +8615365186327 or mail to sales3@liwei-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8615365186327
Email: sales3@liwei-chem.com
Flexible payment, competitive price, premium service - Inquire now!
The product designated Permanent Yellow HRO2 is an opaque, surface-treated commercial grade of C.I. Pigment Yellow 83 (CAS 5567-15-7, EINECS 226-939-8), a disazo diarylide organic pigment with a greenish-yellow mass tone. The grade is supplied as a low-dusting powder; pH of aqueous suspension is typically between 6.0 and 8.0, and density is reported in the range of 1.4–1.6 g/cm³ under ISO 787-10. HRO2 is specified for coloration of polyolefins, rigid and plasticized poly(vinyl chloride), polyurethane, rubber, and selected industrial inks and coatings where opacity, high tinting strength, and migration resistance are required. Compared with monoazo yellows such as C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, the larger disazo diarylide chromophore provides higher solvent fastness and a broader processing window up to 200 °C. However, the product is not a high-performance organic pigment: its thermal ceiling remains below that of C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 and other benzimidazolone yellows. The HRO2 designation separates the grade from standard or high-strength C.I. Pigment Yellow 83 variants by controlled particle-size distribution and surface treatment intended to improve opacity and dispersibility in non-polar carriers.
The HRO2 designation identifies a particle-size and surface-treatment variant within the diarylide HR range. The base chromophore is identical to that of C.I. Pigment Yellow 83; therefore the general fastness behavior is governed by the disazo diarylide structure. However, the O2 product is milled and treated to produce higher opacity than transparent or high-strength variants. The resulting pigment has a relatively broad particle-size distribution and lower specific surface area than transparent grades, which reduces oil absorption and permits higher pigment loading before a viscosity threshold is reached. Typical oil absorption values reported for this class fall between 40 g/100 g and 60 g/100 g under ASTM D281. This characteristic is relevant in masterbatch and paste ink formulation, where excessive viscosity limits productivity.
Colorimetric control is performed against a master standard using ISO 787-1 for sample preparation and ISO 787-16 for relative tinting strength. The mass tone of HRO2 is a medium greenish-yellow; tinting strength in titanium dioxide reduction is specified at 95–105% relative to the supplier standard. Shade variation across production lots is typically held to ΔE*ab below 0.5 in a reference alkyd dispersion. These tolerances are practical for masterbatch and paint operations, but downstream users should establish their own spectrophotometric target on the actual let-down resin because CIELAB coordinates shift with pigment loading and TiO₂ ratio.
In polyolefin masterbatch production, HRO2 is compounded into LLDPE, LDPE, or PP carrier resins at let-down ratios between 20:1 and 50:1. Co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D ratios of 36:1 to 48:1 are used, and melt temperatures are maintained between 180 °C and 200 °C to remain below the thermal ceiling of the disazo chromophore. Side-feed addition after resin melting reduces total residence time and limits mechanical energy input. In PP fiber-grade masterbatch, the pigment is pre-dispersed in a high-MFI carrier before let-down because primary agglomerates can clog spinneret packs with filtration below 50 µm. The processing window is narrow: above 220 °C, shade shifts toward red and color strength decreases due to incipient chromophore degradation. A melt temperature of 190–205 °C and screw speed between 300 rpm and 600 rpm are common operating conditions for 30–60 s residence time.
In blown film extrusion, die-lip buildup has been observed after continuous runs exceeding 8 h when dispersion is incomplete. A back-to-back screen pack of 100/200/100 mesh reduces pigment agglomerates and raises back pressure sufficiently to improve wetting. For thin-wall injection molding, plasticating unit temperatures should not exceed 200 °C, and clamping force settings above 1 000 kN do not compensate for poor dispersion if the pigment is not pre-dispersed. Specification of a 45 µm sieve residue below 0.5% is a useful incoming QC boundary.
In flexible PVC compounds plasticized with DOP or DINP at 50 phr, HRO2 is dispersed by two-roll milling or twin-screw compounding at stock temperatures between 140 °C and 170 °C. The pigment exhibits strong color development at addition levels from 0.2 wt% to 1.0 wt% and does not significantly accelerate decomposition of the PVC matrix if calcium-zinc or barium-zinc stabilizers are used. Migration resistance in plasticized PVC is rated 4–5 on the supplier 1–5 scale, but this rating is formulation-dependent. Detection of pigment migration into white adjacent PVC should follow DIN EN ISO 177 under contact pressure of 1 kg/cm² for 24 h at 80 °C. In compounds with plasticizer levels above 60 phr, the risk of slow migration increases because the plasticized matrix has higher free volume; mill trials with 0.5 wt% pigment and 70 phr DOP are used to confirm fastness.
In plastisol formulations, HRO2 is dispersed in plasticizer with a high-shear Cowles blade at peripheral speed of 15–20 m/s. Viscosity buildup depends on plasticizer type, free plasticizer content, and pigment oil absorption; formulations above 60 phr plasticizer require viscosity checks at 25 °C after 24 h aging because the pigment can release surface moisture or soluble species that alter rheology. Fusion at 180 °C for 5 min produces a uniform shade; agglomerates above 20 µm cause surface defects in spread-coated films.
For solventborne alkyd/melamine industrial coatings, the pigment is dispersed in a high-speed dissolver with zirconia or glass media; a grind fineness below 10 µm on a Hegman gauge is targeted for full tinting strength. HRO2 exhibits lightfastness of 4–5 in deep shade and 3–4 in 1:10 white reduction under ISO 105-B02. Overbake conditions up to 160 °C for 30 min are tolerated; temperatures above 180 °C may produce a shade shift from green-yellow to red-yellow. In waterborne systems, the pigment can exhibit shock flooding if anionic dispersant demand is not balanced with nonionic wetting agents; a dispersant level of 30–40 mg active polymer per gram of pigment is a practical starting point, but published data for this specific configuration is limited.
At processing temperatures above 200 °C, the disazo diarylide structure can undergo reductive cleavage and release 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine, a substance subject to stringent workplace exposure limits. This imposes a hard operational ceiling for polymers such as polyamide, polycarbonate, and polybutylene terephthalate that are processed at 240 °C or above. Thermal gravimetric analysis of diarylide yellow pigments typically shows onset of weight loss in the range of 200–220 °C; the degradation pathway is accelerated by reducing additives or by prolonged residence time in starved screw zones. HRO2 is therefore not recommended for engineering polymers requiring melt temperatures above 220 °C. Formulators should substitute high-performance benzimidazolone yellows such as C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 for those applications. Waste incineration must comply with hazardous-waste incineration conditions; workplace air monitoring for 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine should be implemented when high-temperature processing or accidental decomposition is possible.
The following comparative ranks place HRO2 relative to common yellow pigments in representative pure-pigment systems.
| Pigment | Heat stability ceiling (°C) | Lightfastness deep shade (blue wool scale) | Migration in plasticized PVC (1–5) | Solvent fastness (1–5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C.I. Pigment Yellow 83, HRO2 | 200 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 5 |
| C.I. Pigment Yellow 13 | 190–200 | 3–4 | 3 | 4 |
| C.I. Pigment Yellow 74 | 150 | 4–5 | 3 | 3 |
| C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 | 290 | 7–8 | 5 | 5 |
This position makes HRO2 a cost-effective selection for PVC and polyolefin applications that do not exceed 200 °C. It outperforms earlier diarylide yellows and monoazo yellows in migration and solvent fastness, but it does not match the thermal and weathering performance of benzimidazolone or isoindolinone pigments. In formulations where lead chromate is being replaced, HRO2 provides an organic, lead-free alternative with lower density and higher tinting strength, but hiding power at equal film thickness is typically lower; film thickness or pigment loading must be adjusted to maintain opacity.
Paste offset ink producers pre-wet HRO2 in a linseed alkyd/mineral oil vehicle before three-roll milling to a grind gauge reading below 5 µm. The relatively high oil absorption of the grade requires adjustment of free-flowing vehicle content; ink tack is monitored with an inkometer at film weights of 10–12 g/m². In solvent-based gravure inks, the pigment exhibits good alcohol and ester resistance but may flocculate in aggressive ketone-rich systems; polyurethane or polyamide resins of moderate solvent strength are preferred. Printed film laminates require confirmation of migration into adhesive layers after storage for 7 days at 40 °C and 90% RH.
The product is listed in the European EINECS inventory under 226-939-8 and is subject to REACH registration obligations for manufacturers and importers. RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU restrictions on lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent chromium are not intentionally relevant to the organic chromophore, but residual heavy-metal content should be verified by IEC 62321-5 when the final article requires RoHS compliance. Food-contact suitability is not automatic: diarylide pigments may be evaluated under specific national and regional frameworks, and migration of the pigment or its decomposition products into food simulants must be measured according to EU Regulation 10/2011 or national legislation. For non-food industrial use, HRO2 is not classified as hazardous under CLP; however, dust control is necessary because organic pigment powders can form explosive dust clouds, and respiratory protection should meet EN 149 FFP2 as a minimum.
Avoid combination with strong reducing additives, including certain amine-based stabilizers, because these can accelerate azo bond cleavage at temperatures below the nominal thermal ceiling. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 2 h is recommended when moisture content exceeds 1.0 wt%. Moisture reduces feed consistency, hydrolyzes surface treatment, and can produce surface defects in films and sheets. If the pigment is stored in opened containers at relative humidity above 60%, sealed hopper dryers and nitrogen blanketing are used on production lines.
