Section
| HS Code | 946975 |
| Productname | Permanent Orange |
| Producttype | Artist pigment/paint color |
| Color | Orange |
| Colorfamily | Orange |
| Colortemperature | Warm |
| Pigmentindex | PO73 |
| Pigmentchemicalclass | Pyrrole |
| Opacity | Semi-opaque |
| Lightfastness | Excellent |
| Permanence | High |
| Tintingstrength | High |
| Heatstability | Good |
| Commonuse | Artistic painting and color mixing |
| Availableform | Paint |
As an accredited Permanent Orange factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Permanent Orange is packaged in a 25 kg moisture-resistant fiber drum with a sealed inner liner and clear hazard labels. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Permanent Orange chemical cargo, properly packaged and palletized, securely loaded and stowed in a 20-foot FCL container for export shipment. |
| Shipping | Permanent Orange (CI Pigment Orange 5) is typically shipped as a non-hazardous solid pigment, not regulated for DOT/IMDG/IATA transport. Use sealed, labeled containers; protect from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area and handle with standard PPE. |
| Storage | Store Permanent Orange in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Keep containers tightly closed, clearly labeled, and protected from moisture and physical damage. Avoid dust generation; use appropriate ventilation and personal protective equipment when handling. Follow local regulations and the supplier’s safety data sheet. |
| Shelf Life | No specific shelf life is reported for Permanent Orange; store it tightly closed in a cool, dry, dark location. |
Rigid PVC profile compounds containing C.I. Pigment Orange 13 are processed on counter-rotating twin-screw extruders with 25:1 L/D and a metered feed throat. The pigment is introduced either as a pre-dispersed PVC masterbatch at 20–40 wt% pigment loading or as a compacted powder cut into a hot-mix dryblend. Addition levels in the finished profile range from 0.10 phr for reduced tints to 1.20 phr for full-shade orange technical sections. Compliance for building profiles falls under Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, with product conformity commonly evaluated against EN 12608-1:2016; where the finished article may be accessible to children, soluble element migration is tested under EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021, and azo-colourant documentation is screened against REACH Annex XVII entry 43 where downstream converters request it. Downstream conversion begins with high-speed hot mixing to 120 °C, cooling to 40 °C, and extrusion through barrel zones of 145/160/170/180 °C with a die temperature of 185–195 °C; melt pressure ahead of the breaker plate is held below 180 bar to avoid shear-induced agglomerate fracture, and a 120 µm screen pack is standard on production lines. Finished part types include decorative technical profiles, cable management channels, edge banding, non-load-bearing cladding strips, and co-extruded colour capping layers. Accelerated weathering under ISO 4892-2:2013 should be run for any exterior claim; published data for this pigment in rigid PVC at letdown concentrations below 0.2 phr indicates retained chroma is limited in long-duration xenon-arc exposure, and the pigment is therefore not specified for multi-year building skin profiles.
At melt temperatures above the pigment’s 200 °C degradation threshold, thin-wall polypropylene moulding with C.I. Pigment Orange 13 imposes a narrow process window. Moulders running PP homopolymer with MFR 12–25 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022 limit barrel front zones to 200–210 °C, hold shot residence time below 5 min, and keep shot weight above 60–70% of barrel capacity to minimize hold-up in the hot barrel. Let-down from a 30–50 wt% pigment masterbatch into the final part is controlled at 0.05–0.80 wt%; hot-runner systems require stricter validation because manifold temperatures above 210 °C act as a thermal soak, producing shade dulling and reduced chroma. Compounding is performed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 40:1 L/D, side feed of masterbatch at 20–30% of screw length, screw speed 300–500 rpm, and melt temperature 190–205 °C. Injection moulding uses a reverse profile with rear zone 180 °C and front zone 200 °C, back pressure 50–100 bar, and injection speed 40–60 mm/s to avoid shear heating beyond the pigment’s degradation onset. Food-contact parts require positive-list verification under EU 10/2011 or 21 CFR 178.3297; C.I. Pigment Orange 13 is not automatically cleared for all food types, and migration modelling should not assume zero transfer at the upper addition range. Colour stability in compounded pellets is commonly screened by oven-ageing under EN 12877-1:1999; toy-bound articles are additionally tested under EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021. Finished article types include cosmetic packaging components, caps and closures, appliance trim panels, non-food thin-wall boxes, and technical containers where moderate lightfastness is acceptable.
Solvent-borne alkyd-amino baking enamels are tinted with C.I. Pigment Orange 13 at 4–10 wt% of the total liquid formulation for full-shade finishes and at 1:5 to 1:20 reduction against titanium dioxide in tint bases. The mill base is formulated at 20–25 wt% pigment loading with a medium-oil alkyd resin, a low-aromatic solvent blend, and a polymeric dispersant, then ground to Hegman 6–7 under ISO 1524:2013 in a horizontal bead mill with 0.6–1.0 mm zirconia beads at 45–50 °C and 12–15 m/s tip speed. Letdown is completed at 400–600 rpm, adjusted to spray viscosity 70–90 s Ford cup 4 under ASTM D1200-18, and applied by airless spray at 150–180 bar or electrostatic bell at 30–60 kV; alkyd-amino systems are force-dried for 30 min at 130 °C. VOC content in the liquid coating is controlled under Directive 2004/42/EC Annex II with measurement by ISO 11890-2:2020; RoHS-restricted heavy metals for electrical or electronic enclosures are controlled under IEC 62321-5:2013 documentation. Acid-catalysed wet-on-wet alkyd systems are not recommended because residual catalyst acidity can induce pigment bleeding; the pigment is specified instead in non-acid-catalysed alkyd-amino, thermoplastic acrylic, and medium-oil air-drying systems. Finished part types include agricultural machinery chassis parts, metal furniture, tool cabinets, industrial control panels, and safety-orange decorative trim where high chemical resistance is not the primary requirement.
In water-based flexographic bases containing C.I. Pigment Orange 13, the mill-base pigment loading is 35–45 wt%, and the finished ink is let down to 12–18 wt% pigment. Press viscosity is adjusted to 18–25 s DIN cup 4 under ISO 2431:2019, with pH held between 8.5 and 9.5 using an amine-neutralized styrene-acrylic resin system. Above pH 9.5, the pyrazolone chromophore can undergo shade drift and strength loss; below 8.5, resolubility of dried ink in anilox cells collapses and accumulates as print defects. The base is ground in a pin-type bead mill with 0.3–0.5 mm yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads at 40–45 °C, with grind endpoint below 5 µm on a 0–50 µm scratch gauge under ISO 1524:2013. Conversion on a central-impression flexo press uses 600–800 lpi anilox rolls with 4.5–6.5 cm³/m² volume capacity, run at 100–250 m/min on coated board, corrugated liner, or paper sack substrates. Compositional controls follow EuPIA Good Manufacturing Practice and the Swiss Ordinance SR 817.023.21 Annex 10 framework for non-food-contact packaging; direct food-contact printing is not a recommended placement unless a specific migration series is completed. Finished printed types include corrugated shipper graphics, multiwall paper sacks, folding carton spot colours, paper bag prints, and promotional paper-based packaging with moderate lightfastness demands.
With 1.0–2.5 phr C.I. Pigment Orange 13 added in an internal mixer, the upper addition limit in EPDM is governed by pigment solubility in the hydrocarbon matrix and bloom risk rather than tint strength. At 2.5 phr, contact staining under ASTM D925-14 may show measurable chromophore transfer to white lacquer after 24 h at 70 °C; below 1.5 phr migration is usually within production specification. The pigment is added with fillers and process oil after polymer mastication, with mixer drop temperature 140–150 °C; sulphur curatives are added only on a two-roll mill at 50–60 °C to avoid scorch. Mixing controls are documented against ASTM D3182-16, and tensile properties of vulcanizates are measured under ISO 37:2017. Automotive and consumer rubber parts require PAH documentation under REACH Annex XVII entry 50, and child-accessible articles require soluble element migration testing under EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021. Extrusion through a cold-feed pin barrel extruder with 14:1 L/D at head temperature 80–90 °C produces a die swell of 15–20%; curing is carried out at 160 °C in a salt bath, hot-air tunnel, or compression press. Finished product types include EPDM hose covers, automotive edge trims, vulcanized rubber mats, extruded technical profiles, and non-critical sealing strips where moderate UV ageing is acceptable.
On rotary screen printing lines, C.I. Pigment Orange 13 is formulated at 1–5 wt% pigment in the prepared paste, combined with 10–20 parts of an aqueous styrene-butadiene or acrylic binder per 100 parts of paste and a synthetic thickener to reach 20,000–30,000 mPa·s rotational viscosity at 20 °C, measured with spindle 6 at 20 rpm. The pigment is dispersed in a separate aqueous concentrate with nonionic wetting agents and antifoam, then combined under low shear to avoid microfoam entrapment. Finished pastes are printed through rotary screens of 80–125 mesh onto woven or knitted cotton and polyester-cotton substrates, followed by hot-air stenter curing at 150 °C for 3 min; under-cure below 2 min at 150 °C can leave unbound pigment that fails crocking tests under ISO 105-X12:2016. Printed textiles sold in the EU are screened under REACH Annex XVII entry 43 for restricted aromatic amines; brands commonly require OEKO-TEX Standard 100 conformity with Level II or III limits, and children’s articles require printed-area migration testing under EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021. The finish is specified for fashion tops, tote bags, decorative banners, and home textile panels with indoor or short-term exposure; continuous outdoor awnings and flags are outside the pigment’s moderate lightfastness boundary under ISO 105-B02:2014.
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Permanent Orange is the commercial designation applied to a family of synthetic organic pigments based on azo chromophores, supplied primarily as dry powder, presscake, or predispersed pigment preparations. Depending on the Colour Index classification, the product line includes C.I. Pigment Orange 5 (C.I. 12075), C.I. Pigment Orange 13 (C.I. 21110), and C.I. Pigment Orange 34 (C.I. 21115). The monoazo grade is used in decorative paints and graphic arts inks, while the diarylide and disazo pyrazolone grades are specified for industrial finishes, powder coatings, and polymer coloration where higher heat resistance and lower solvent solubility are required. Commercial specifications vary by manufacturing site, but typical control parameters include sieve residue, oil absorption, pH of aqueous extract, matter volatile at 105 °C, specific gravity, and tinting strength against a standard batch.
Product models sold under the Permanent Orange designation include Permanent Orange RL, Permanent Orange G, and Permanent Orange 5. In downstream technical documentation, these are often cross-referenced to C.I. Pigment Orange 34, C.I. Pigment Orange 13, and C.I. Pigment Orange 5 respectively. Batch-to-batch control in production-scale coating lines is weighted toward particle size distribution because the chromophore alone does not determine tinting strength, gloss retention, or viscosity stability during letdown.
Within the coating plant, the relevant incoming quality variables are not limited to shade. High-shear dispersion response is influenced by the aggregate structure and surface area of the dry pigment. A high oil absorption value indicates a larger binder demand and can increase mill-base viscosity in high-solids formulations; a low sieve residue is required to prevent seed formation during bead milling. Routine release testing therefore includes both particle-size-related properties and chemical purity parameters.
| Parameter | Typical commercial range | Unit | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific gravity | 1.4–1.6 | — | ISO 787-10:1993 |
| Oil absorption | 30–60 | g/100 g | ISO 787-5:1980 |
| pH of aqueous extract | 5–8 | — | ISO 787-9:1981 |
| Matter volatile at 105 °C | 0.5–2.5 | % by mass | ISO 787-2:1981 |
| Sieve residue at 45 µm | 0.1–1.0 | % by mass | ISO 787-7:2009 |
| Tinting strength | 95–105 | % | ISO 787-24:1985 |
| Specific surface area | 15–45 | m²/g | ISO 9277:2010 |
| Heat stability in polyolefin masterbatch | 160–200 | °C | internal extrusion test, hold time 5 min |
The values listed are representative commercial ranges rather than batch guarantees; certificate of analysis data for a specific grade should be used for release decisions. Batch-to-batch variance on a production twin-screw extrusion line is most visible as shade drift and filter pressure rise when the pigment’s primary particle size distribution shifts above the dispersion system’s critical shear stress.
In solventborne alkyd and acrylic coatings, Permanent Orange is typically dispersed by high-speed dissolver followed by horizontal bead milling. A dissolver tip speed of 18–25 m/s at mill-base viscosity of 2–4 Pa·s is used for wetting; final aggregate size reduction is carried out in a horizontal chamber mill charged with zirconia beads of 0.6–1.0 mm. Grind fineness is monitored to a Hegman value of 7–8 or an equivalent grind gauge specification, because residual oversize particles in this pigment class can create visual seed defects in clear topcoats and reduce gloss readings measured at a 60° angle.
In polypropylene and polyethylene masterbatch production, twin-screw compounding with L/D ratio of 40:1 or higher is preferred when the pigment is introduced as a predispersed concentrate. Pre-drying at 80 °C for 4 h is required for material stored at relative humidity above 60%, because residual moisture can generate screw slip and porosity in extrudate. The monoazo grade is normally limited to melt temperatures of 160–180 °C; the diarylide and pyrazolone grades can tolerate short residence times up to 200 °C, but exact dwell time must be confirmed on the production line because local shear heating in kneading blocks can exceed barrel set points by 10–15 °C.
In plasticized PVC calendering, Permanent Orange may be pre-dispersed in DINP or DIDP plasticiser using a high-shear mixer. Addition levels of 0.3–1.0 wt% produce opaque or near-opaque sheets, but over-dosing above 1.5 wt% in thin-gauge film can increase plate-out on chrome calender rolls. Published data for plate-out thresholds in this specific configuration is limited, and line trials should define the upper addition level for a given stabiliser system.
Comparison of Permanent Orange azo grades with lead chromate molybdate orange and cadmium sulfoselenide orange is required in heavy-duty coatings because the pigment classes differ in density, opacity, acid resistance, and regulatory status. The azo grades provide high chroma and low specific gravity but do not provide the same hiding power in single-coat systems. Formulators replacing lead chromate molybdate orange often compensate with titanium dioxide to restore hiding and with hindered-amine light stabilisers for exterior exposure.
| Attribute | Permanent Orange azo grades | Lead chromate molybdate orange | Cadmium sulfoselenide orange |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.4–1.6 g/cm³ | 4.5–5.6 g/cm³ | 4.8–5.1 g/cm³ |
| Heat stability | 160–200 °C | 260–300 °C | >300 °C |
| Lightfastness in full shade | 5–7 Blue Wool Scale | 7–8 Blue Wool Scale | 7–8 Blue Wool Scale |
| Opacity | low to moderate | high | high |
| Acid resistance | limited | moderate to high | high |
| Regulatory profile | no intentionally added lead or cadmium; azo amine testing may apply | restricted under REACH Annex XVII entry 63 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU | restricted under REACH Annex XVII entry 23 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU |
When C.I. Pigment Orange 34 is compared with C.I. Pigment Orange 13, the pyrazolone-based product shows lower solvent solubility and higher migration resistance in rigid PVC, while C.I. Pigment Orange 13 may be chosen for publication inks where high colour strength and low viscosity are more important than long-term exterior durability. The monoazo Permanent Orange grade is not recommended for demanding industrial coatings requiring 1,000 h ISO 11341 weathering without fade; accelerated weathering data should be requested per coating formulation. Compared with benzimidazolone orange, C.I. Pigment Orange 36, the Permanent Orange grades generally offer higher tinting strength and lower cost, but lower thermal stability and lower solvent resistance in highly polar media.
For sheetfed offset and water-based flexographic inks, Permanent Orange is dispersed in a varnish or acrylic media. High-speed mixing at 20–25 m/s with a pigment load of 15–25 wt% is used to achieve a grind of less than 10 µm on a grind gauge. The azo pigment’s low specific gravity and moderate oil absorption permit high pigment loading without excessive tack. In ultraviolet flexo inks, the grade should be evaluated for free radical scavenging; some azo pigments inhibit cure at levels above 5 wt% and require higher photoinitiator dosage.
Regulatory classification differs by grade and jurisdiction. The Permanent Orange azo grades contain no intentionally added lead or cadmium, so they are generally outside the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU restrictions for lead and cadmium, provided impurity levels are controlled. Azo colorants may be subject to REACH Annex XVII entry 43 conditions when aromatic amines are generated by reductive cleavage; many azo pigments are designed to be insoluble, but test data should be obtained for the specific grade and application. Food-contact use is not assumed: compliance with 21 CFR 178.3297 and specific migration limits under European Union Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 must be confirmed by the supplier for each grade, because additives and surface treatments affect migration behaviour. Avoid combination with strong amine-based additives in moist alkaline systems, because premature surface reduction can shift shade and reduce fastness properties.
