Section
| HS Code | 679847 |
| Product Name | Permanent Orange OFY |
| Color Index Name | C.I. Pigment Orange 34 |
| Color Index Number | 21115 |
| Cas Registry Number | 12236-62-3 |
| Chemical Class | Disazo (diarylide) organic pigment |
| Color Family | Orange |
| Color Shade | Yellowish orange |
| Physical Form | Powder |
| Primary Use | Printing inks, paints, and plastics |
| Lightfastness | Moderate |
| Heat Resistance | Moderate |
| Solvent Resistance | Good |
| Water Resistance | Good |
| Acid Resistance | Good |
| Alkali Resistance | Good |
| Opacity | Semitransparent to transparent |
| Oil Absorption | Moderate |
| Specific Gravity | Approximately 1.4-1.6 |
| Ph Value | Neutral to slightly alkaline |
| Moisture Content | Low |
As an accredited Permanent Orange OFY factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Permanent Orange OFY is packaged in 25 kg net fiber drums with double polyethylene liners, sealed for safe storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Permanent Orange OFY is packed and loaded into a 20′ FCL container, properly secured and labeled for safe ocean shipment. |
| Shipping | Permanent Orange OFY is generally shipped as a non-hazardous organic pigment/dye, not regulated as dangerous goods. Use sealed, labeled containers; protect from moisture, heat, and sunlight. Confirm classification against the current SDS and comply with local transport regulations and any customer-specific requirements. Ensure packaging is intact and documentation accompanies each shipment. |
| Storage | Store Permanent Orange OFY in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly closed, clearly labeled, and protected from moisture and dust. Segregate from strong oxidizers and incompatible materials. Avoid dust generation, use appropriate spill containment, and follow the safety data sheet and local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Typical shelf life is 24 months when kept in sealed original containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, protected from light. |
Permanent Orange OFY, listed as C.I. Pigment Orange 5 with CAS 3468-63-1, is a monoazo 2-naphthol pigment supplied as a dry powder with a bulk density typically between 0.28 and 0.38 g/cm³. In polyolefin masterbatch production it is introduced at 20–40 wt% into a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 40:1 to 44:1, using a distributive screw profile rather than a high-shear kneader block configuration. The pigment is pre-blended with low-melt-index polypropylene powder having an MFR of 12–25 g/10 min at 230°C, 2.16 kg, according to ISO 1133-1:2022, along with 0.5–1.5 wt% of fatty acid ester external lubricant to limit airborne dusting. Melt temperature is held between 190°C and 210°C; at 220°C, shade drift becomes measurable in dark injection-moulded parts after mean residence time exceeds 45 s. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, but production experience on 75-ton clamp injection moulding machines with 22 mm screw diameter indicates that cycle-to-cycle colour deviation in a 1.2 mm plaque remains below ΔE 0.8 when melt cushion is maintained above 3 mm and back pressure does not exceed 8 bar. The pigment particle size distribution, with d50 typically between 0.2 and 0.6 µm, is adequate for use at let-down ratios of 25:1 to 50:1 in polypropylene copolymers; however, in thin-gauge blown HDPE film below 40 µm, undispersed agglomerates can cause visible specks unless a 100 µm melt filtration screen pack is installed before the die. Because the pigment is not a strong nucleating agent, warpage in high-density polyethylene closures remains governed by the host resin cooling rate and gate geometry, not by pigment loading.
In rigid PVC profile and pipe extrusion, the combination of Permanent Orange OFY with calcium-zinc stabiliser systems is generally acceptable when processing is carried out below 180°C. The pigment is added at 0.5–1.5 phr into a hot mixer with PVC K-value 65–68, calcium-zinc one-pack stabiliser at 3.5–4.5 phr, a lubricant system consisting of oxidised polyethylene wax and calcium stearate, and 10–15 phr of rutile titanium dioxide if an opaque mid-orange is required. Dry blending continues to 110–120°C surface temperature, followed by cooling to below 45°C before twin-screw conical extrusion. Plate-out behaviour is influenced by the pigment surface treatment; unmodified monoazo pigments can accumulate on the die lip and calibrator block, producing orange deposits after 6–10 h of continuous running. A paraffin wax/ethylene bis-stearamide external lubricant at 0.3–0.5 phr mitigates deposit formation but may slightly reduce Vicat softening temperature. The pigment’s resistance to hydrochloric acid evolved from PVC decomposition is measured by shade retention after exposure to moist heat; no significant change is observed after 300 h in a 70°C water bath extraction when tested according to ISO 105-B02. In extruded PVC hose and rigid sheet, addition levels above 2.0 phr reduce impact strength by 8–12% because the pigment acts as a stress concentrator in the polymer matrix; this is confirmed using a Charpy notched impact test at 23°C according to ISO 179-1:2010. The compound is not recommended for food-contact PVC under EU Regulation 10/2011 unless migration testing of the specific finished article is performed because published data for this configuration is limited.
In interior architectural alkyd and styrene-acrylic wall paint, Permanent Orange OFY is milled into a pigment paste at 35–45 wt% pigment loading using a high-speed dissolver at 8–10 m/s tip speed. Pigment volume concentration is adjusted to keep the pigment particle surfaces sufficiently wetted by the alkyd or acrylate binder; at a PVC of 20–35% for alkyd gloss enamel, the pigment paste is stabilised with a high-molecular-weight polyurethane dispersant at 5–10% active content on pigment. Hegman grind below 15 µm is obtained after 30–45 min dispersion at 2,500 rpm in a 30 L dissolver. In deep shade, full-tone panels show acceptable gloss retention after 1,000 h accelerated weathering in a QUV-B chamber; however, in a 9:1 titanium dioxide reduction, the pigment loses more than 3 CIELAB units after 300 h, limiting its use in exterior tinting systems. The dry film does not require crosslinking; an alkyd containing 2.5 wt% cobalt octoate and 0.3 wt% methyl ethyl ketoxime anti-skinning agent is compatible and does not cause pigment flocculation. Because Permanent Orange OFY is highly oleophilic, it remains well dispersed in long-oil alkyds with an oil length above 55%, but in short-oil alkyds below 40% oil length, pigment flooding may occur in second-coat application.
In water-based flexographic and gravure printing inks, Permanent Orange OFY is dispersed at 12–18 wt% pigment loading in an acrylic copolymer varnish neutralised with ammonia or monoethanolamine to a pH of 8.5–9.5. The grinding stage uses a horizontal bead mill with 0.6–1.0 mm yttria-stabilised zirconia beads and a specific energy input of 0.8–1.2 kWh/kg of millbase. Pigment wetting is assisted by a sodium salt of a polyacrylic acid dispersant at 8–12% of pigment weight and a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB of 13–15 at 1–2% of pigment weight. A let-down resin with a glass transition temperature of −10°C to 5°C provides blocking resistance after printing on corona-treated BOPP film with surface energy above 38 mN/m. Print viscosity is set to 15–25 s with a Zahn cup #2 at 25°C. The pigment’s slight solubility in aliphatic solvents is low, but in aqueous ink over 24 h, pH drift above 9.8 can cause particle ripening and a loss of chroma of 1.5–2.5%; therefore, the millbase pH is buffered with 0.2–0.4 wt% sodium bicarbonate and maintained below 9.5. The final ink is filtered through a 20 µm bag filter and printed at a coating weight of 1.5–2.5 g/m² dry film. Compliance with EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 is required for toy packaging; the ink film after drying must undergo migration testing across the element list specified by the standard. Published data for Permanent Orange OFY in this specific ink configuration is limited.
Low-bake thermoset powder coating lines can carry Permanent Orange OFY in polyester-TGIC and polyester-HAA base powders when the cure window is limited to 160°C for 20 min or 170°C for 10 min. The pigment is pre-mixed at 1–3 wt% of total powder formulation with polyester resin, TGIC or HAA crosslinker, flow control additive, and benzoin. Premix extrusion is conducted in a twin-screw extruder with barrel temperature 90–100°C, screw speed 400–600 rpm, and specific energy below 0.6 kWh/kg to avoid causing the pigment to dissolve and recrystallise into coarser particles in the molten state. After cooling, the chip is ground in an impact classifier mill to a top size of 100 µm, with a particle size distribution d50 of 35–45 µm. Electrostatic application on a 60–80 kV corona gun requires volume resistivity of the cured film to be above 10¹³ Ω·cm; Permanent Orange OFY does not reduce resistivity in polyester powders unless combined with carbon black. In cured films at full shade, hue remains stable after 500 h in a 40°C, 100%RH condensation test according to ISO 6270-1:2017; however, at a reduction of 5:1 with titanium dioxide, early fading is observed under UV exposure, so the pigment is restricted to indoor metal furniture and appliance topcoats rather than outdoor architectural powder coatings. Published data for this specific configuration is limited.
In sulphur-cured EPDM and nitrile rubber compounds, Permanent Orange OFY is incorporated at 1–2 phr on an open two-roll mill after carbon black and plasticiser have wetted the rubber matrix; addition before the sulphur cure system is preferred to avoid adsorption of vulcanisation accelerators onto the pigment surface. The pigment provides an opaque orange shade with resistance to extraction by IRM 903 oil after 70 h at 100°C when tested under ASTM D471; however, migration to adjacent white PVC sheet under load at 60°C for 24 h shows visible pink-orange staining, so it is not rated for multi-component contact applications with plasticised PVC. In rubber, the pigment acts as an inert filler; at 2 phr, Mooney viscosity ML(1+4) at 100°C increases by 2–4 Mooney units, while tensile properties remain within normal production variance. The pigment is not recommended for peroxide-cured silicone rubbers because acidic surface groups interfere with free-radical crosslinking efficiency.
In paste ink systems for lithographic sheetfed printing, Permanent Orange OFY is pre-wetted with linseed alkyd and a narrow-cut mineral oil before mill grinding. Pigment loading is limited to 15–22 wt% of finished ink because higher levels raise tack above 12–14 Inkometer units at 90 rpm and 32°C, causing picking on coated paper stock. The millbase is processed in a three-roll mill with a final nip gap below 15 µm, and grind gauge reading should remain under 10 µm. The pigment shows a tendency to emulsify fountain solution after 15–20 min high-speed press operation; this is controlled by using a low-acid-number alkyd and keeping fountain solution pH below 5.0. Print density on gloss-coated board at 2.0 g/m² ink film weight remains stable through 25,000 impressions, after which image area wear becomes observable. Compliance with REACH Annex XVII entry 43 requires that reductive cleavage of the azo chromophore according to EN 14362-1:2017 releases no regulated aromatic amine above 30 mg/kg.
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Permanent Orange OFY is introduced as a disazo pyrazolone organic pigment classified as C.I. Pigment Orange 34. The OFY grade is supplied in dry powder or presscake form and is intended for solventborne industrial coatings, coil coating primers and topcoats, thermoset powder coatings, rigid PVC compounds, and polyolefin masterbatch. The pigment is evaluated as a lead-free replacement for molybdate orange and lead chromate systems where regulatory pressure limits the use of inorganic chromates. It is not a direct drop-in replacement for lead chromate; the organic pigment displays lower specific gravity, different opacity, and higher binder demand. Reformulation is required to maintain hiding at equal dry film thickness. The following sections define the performance boundaries, dispersion conditions, and comparative limitations observed in industrial use.
Selection between Permanent Orange OFY, C.I. Pigment Orange 13, and lead chromate is governed by fastness, opacity, processing stability, and regulatory status. C.I. Pigment Orange 13, a diarylide orange, offers higher chroma and lower raw-material cost but has lower resistance to solvent bleed and heat. Permanent Orange OFY is specified where higher migration resistance and a wider processing window justify reformulation. Lead chromate systems provide the highest hiding at low film build, but their density and heavy-metal profile create regulatory and production constraints. Comparative evaluation is performed with standardized methods: density according to ISO 787-10, oil absorption according to ISO 787-5, light fastness according to ISO 4892-2, colour change according to ISO 7724-2, hiding power according to ISO 2814, gloss according to ISO 2813, and impact resistance according to ASTM D2794.
| Parameter | Test method | Permanent Orange OFY class behaviour | Lead chromate reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific gravity | ISO 787-10 | 1.4–1.6 g/cm³ class-typical | 5.4–6.0 g/cm³ for molybdate orange |
| Oil absorption | ISO 787-5 | 35–50 g/100 g | 10–20 g/100 g |
| Opacity at 25 µm dry film | ISO 2814 | Moderate hiding; reformulation needed | High hiding at low film build |
| Heavy-metal profile | RoHS 2015/863 | No intentionally introduced lead; lead below 1000 mg/kg if compliant | Lead chromate exceeds lead limit unless exempt |
On production lines, the differences are amplified. Lead chromate pigments increase millbase density and can settle more rapidly in low-viscosity systems; Permanent Orange OFY has higher oil absorption and therefore raises millbase viscosity. Adjustments of 2–5 wt% of resin solids are commonly required to maintain application rheology. In high-solids alkyd enamels, the lower pigment density reduces weight per unit volume but also reduces opacity per equal weight. Reformulation studies should therefore evaluate contrast ratio according to ISO 2814 at equal dry film thickness of 25 µm to 40 µm. Compared with high-performance benzimidazolone orange pigments, Permanent Orange OFY often exhibits a different hue angle and lower cost, but selection in exterior topcoats should be confirmed by accelerated weathering according to ISO 4892-2 or ISO 11341. Published data for Permanent Orange OFY in white reductions is limited; full-shade lot data should be obtained from the manufacturer.
Incoming lot qualification of Permanent Orange OFY is performed against a standard QC matrix defined by the pigment's physical form and intended dispersion route. The values in Table 2 are class-typical for organic azo pigments of this type and are not a substitute for a certificate of analysis.
| QC parameter | Test method | Class-typical acceptance range |
|---|---|---|
| Volatile matter at 105°C | ISO 787-2 | <1.5 wt% |
| pH of aqueous extract | ISO 787-9 | 6–8 |
| Residue on 45 µm sieve | ISO 787-7 | <0.1% |
| Oil absorption | ISO 787-5 | 35–50 g/100 g |
| Specific gravity | ISO 787-10 | 1.4–1.6 |
Because organic pigments are surface-active, lot-to-lot variation in oil absorption influences dispersion viscosity and mill throughput. Production experience indicates that solvent adjustment of ±2 wt% is sometimes required to maintain a consistent grind. Sieve residue above the acceptance limit is usually associated with coarse agglomerates or packaging contamination, and may produce visible specks in coatings applied below 20 µm dry film thickness.
A typical solventborne millbase for Permanent Orange OFY is prepared at 25–35 wt% pigment, 25–30 wt% resin solids, and 40–50 wt% solvent. The predispersion stage uses a high-speed dissolver equipped with a Cowles blade at a peripheral tip speed of 18–25 m/s for 15–20 min. The dissolver blade diameter is typically 0.4–0.6 times tank diameter, and the millbase volume is maintained within 70–80% of vessel capacity to ensure adequate turnover. The slurry is then passed through a horizontal bead mill charged with 0.6–0.8 mm yttria-stabilized zirconia beads. Mill chamber temperature is maintained below 50°C to prevent viscosity reduction and flocculation. Grind fineness is monitored on a Hegman gauge according to ISO 1524; a final grind of 5 µm to 10 µm is typical for industrial topcoats. If the grind gauge exceeds 15 µm after 24 h of letdown, the dispersion is considered colloidally unstable and the formulation is adjusted.
Dispersion failures on high-speed coating lines appear as gloss loss, specking, and tinting-strength drift. A drawdown made with a wire-wound bar at 100 µm wet film is evaluated for gloss at 60° geometry according to ISO 2813; gloss below the control indicates residual agglomerates. For tinting strength, a standardized white reduction at 1:10 pigment-to-titanium dioxide ratio is compared against a reference using a spectrophotometer according to ISO 7724-2. Residual particles larger than 15 µm are particularly visible in high-gloss alkyd and acrylic topcoats because they disrupt film planarity and scatter light unevenly.
In coil coating lines, the substrate reaches peak metal temperatures of 210–232°C for dwell times of 30–60 s. Permanent Orange OFY is incorporated into solventborne polyester and plastisol coil coating formulations where overbake resistance and colour stability are critical. The cured film is typically 15–25 µm thick, and colour change after an additional overbake at 230°C for 60 s is measured according to ISO 7724-2. If the pigment exhibits thermal decomposition, the loss of chroma is accompanied by a measurable reduction in gloss according to ISO 2813. Laboratory drawdown ovens do not reproduce the air-velocity and substrate-temperature gradients of an industrial coil line. Therefore, qualification should be performed on the target line rather than extrapolated from bench data. Published data for Permanent Orange OFY at line speeds above 200 m/min is limited.
Two-component polyurethane topcoats impose additional constraints on pigment moisture content and surface acidity. Moisture content should be below 1.0 wt% by ISO 787-2 to avoid premature reaction with isocyanate hardeners. The pigment is evaluated in a hydroxyl-functional acrylic component and crosslinked with an aliphatic polyisocyanate at 80°C for 30 min. Adhesion after cure is assessed by cross-cut according to ISO 2409, and impact resistance is measured according to ASTM D2794. Acid-catalysed alkyd baking enamels can interact with the pigment surface; therefore, the cured panel is tested for adhesion, solvent rub resistance, and colour drift. Avoid combination with strong reducing agents because azo chromophores may be degraded under reductive conditions, causing shade fade and loss of fastness properties.
Polypropylene and high-density polyethylene masterbatch production is performed on co-rotating twin-screw extruders with an L/D ratio of 32:1 to 44:1. Permanent Orange OFY is let down at 0.5 wt% to 2.0 wt% for opaque mouldings and at lower loadings for tinted films. Processing above 220°C is acceptable for short residence times, but temperatures above 240°C may induce thermal degradation of the disazo chromophore. Melt flow rate is measured according to ISO 1133-1; tensile properties are measured according to ISO 527-2; notched impact properties are measured according to ISO 179-1. The pigment should be pre-dried at 80°C for 2 h if storage humidity exceeds 60% RH. Dispersion in polyolefins is checked by pressure filtration through a 14 µm screen; a rapid rise in pressure indicates agglomerates or undispersed pigment. Injection moulding temperatures may require reduction by 5–10°C relative to natural resin to avoid shade drift caused by extended thermal exposure.
Thermoset powder coating formulations based on carboxylated polyester crosslinked with Primid XL 552 or TGIC are another established application for Permanent Orange OFY. Pigmentation is evaluated at 1–5 wt% by total binder mass. Premixing in a low-intensity mechanical mixer is followed by melt compounding on a twin-screw extruder at 90–110°C and screw speed 300–400 rpm. The extrudate is cooled, crushed, and milled to a D50 of 35–45 µm, then electrostatically applied and cured at 180°C for 10 min or 200°C for 5 min. Migration is assessed by contact against white plasticized PVC sheet at 65°C for 72 h; colour transfer is rated according to ISO 105-A03. Overbake yellowing at 220°C for 30 min is the limiting condition for white reductions. The pigment's organic nature also requires avoidance of strong oxidizing or reducing environments in powder coating premix, where local thermal hotspots can initiate chromophore degradation.
Regulatory status must be confirmed with the supplier for each regional application. Under RoHS 2015/863, lead in homogeneous materials is restricted to 1000 mg/kg and cadmium to 100 mg/kg; Permanent Orange OFY is intended for use where compliance with these limits is required. Screening is performed by X-ray fluorescence, with positive results confirmed by acid digestion and ICP-OES according to ISO 11885 or EPA 3050B/6010. For toy applications, migration of elements is assessed according to EN 71-3. The pigment should not be assumed compliant with food-contact regulations unless a specific migration limit and end-use condition are approved. The azo chromophore can be sensitive to reductive environments and strong mineral acids, which may cause discoloration or degradation. Storage should be maintained below 30°C and below 60% RH; opened packages should be sealed immediately after dispensing to prevent moisture uptake and agglomeration.
