Section
| HS Code | 720587 |
| Productname | Permanent Pink FBB |
| Producttype | Folding box board (FBB) |
| Material | Virgin fibre paperboard |
| Color | Permanent Pink |
| Finish | Smooth matt |
| Grammagerange | Typically 200-400 gsm |
| Caliperrange | Typically 0.30-0.60 mm |
| Sheetformat | Standard sheets and custom cut sizes |
| Printingcompatibility | Offset, flexo, and digital printing |
| Application | Packaging, covers, displays, and graphic design |
| Recyclability | Recyclable in standard paperboard recycling streams |
| Certificationavailability | FSC and PEFC options available on request |
| Colorfastness | Permanent |
| Surfaceproperty | Good printability and foldability |
As an accredited Permanent Pink FBB factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaging: 25 kg net fiber drums with sealed polyethylene liners, suitable for safe storage and transport of Permanent Pink FBB. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Container Loading (20′ FCL): Permanent Pink FBB packed in sealed drums, palletized and secured inside a dry 20-foot FCL container. |
| Shipping | Shipping description: Permanent Pink FBB, organic pigment, non-hazardous; not regulated for transport (no UN number, class, or packing group). Ship in sealed, labeled containers in a cool, dry, ventilated area; protect from moisture, sunlight, and physical damage. Avoid dust generation; confirm classification against the supplier SDS. |
| Storage | Store Permanent Pink FBB in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep containers tightly closed, clearly labeled, and upright in approved, compatible containers. Segregate from strong oxidizers, acids, alkalis, and ignition sources. Prevent dust generation and accumulation; use grounding if handling powders. Follow local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Typically 24 months when stored sealed in a cool, dry, dark place, away from moisture and direct sunlight. |
In high-speed solvent-based flexographic printing on corona-treated biaxially oriented polypropylene and polyethylene films, C.I. Pigment Red 146 (Permanent Pink FBB), a naphthol AS monoazo pigment, is dispersed in a 1:1 nitrocellulose-to-polyamide binder system at pigment-to-binder ratios between 0.8:1 and 1.2:1 by weight. Milling is performed in a horizontal bead mill charged with 0.8–1.0 mm yttria-stabilised zirconia beads at a tip speed of 8–12 m/s; the dispersion is drawn down until fineness of grind measures below 5 μm on a Hegman gauge per ISO 1524. The final ink is adjusted with ethyl acetate and propyl acetate to a flow time of 15–25 s at 25 °C using a 4 mm cup per ISO 2431. The anilox roll is specified at 800–1,000 lines/inch with a cell volume of 8–12 cm³/m²; cell volumes above 14 cm³/m² increase dry film weight and retain solvent in solid print areas. In surface-printed snack wrappers, the pigment contributes a blue-shade red with tinctorial strength controlled at ±3 % relative to a certified reference batch. Retained solvent concentration in the printed film, measured by headspace gas chromatography, is specified by the converter and is commonly required to remain below 5 mg/m² in high-barrier laminate structures to prevent odour, delamination, and indirect migration; PR146 itself does not volatilise, but solvent swelling of the binder can carry pigment particles into adhesive layers. Migration testing via set-off into a food simulant is not covered by an EU 10/2011 positive listing for this colourant, so converters must obtain a statement of composition and perform migration screening under EU 1935/2004 if the printed side contacts food.
Because direct powder addition without wetting reduces tint strength and produces aggregate specks, PR146 is introduced as a surfactant-stabilised pigment paste in aqueous styrene-acrylic and vinyl acetate-ethylene interior wall paint bases. A typical tinting paste contains 25–40 wt% pigment, 10–15 wt% high-molecular-weight nonionic dispersant, 0.2–0.5 wt% biocide, and the balance propylene glycol and deionised water; dispersion proceeds in a vertical bead mill at 40–50 °C jacket temperature. The dispersant system must hold pH at 8.5–9.5, because acidification below 7.5 causes aggregation of the naphthol AS pigment surface and visible colour streaks after tinter addition. In the finished paint, PR146 level ranges from 0.1 wt% in pastel shades to 2.5 wt% in deep-tone wall concentrates. Paste density is controlled at 1.15–1.25 g/cm³ to match volumetric dispenser calibration curves. Wet-scrub resistance of the dried film is tested according to EN 13300 class 2 criteria; agglomerates above 20 μm reduce wet-scrub cycles without contributing to thickness. The primary operational boundary is exterior use: full-shade light fastness is approximately 7–8 on the blue wool scale per ISO 105-B02, but 1:10 titanium dioxide reductions can drop to 5–6 after 12 months central European exposure, so exterior façade tint bases should not use PR146 as the sole red-shade pigment.
| Application segment | Typical addition level | Critical control parameter | Reference method or standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solvent-based flexo ink | 0.8:1–1.2:1 pigment-to-binder | grind fineness ≤5 μm; flow time 15–25 s | ISO 1524, ISO 2431 |
| Water-based tinting paste | 25–40 wt% pigment in paste | pH 8.5–9.5; agglomerate size ≤20 μm | EN 13300, ISO 105-B02 |
| Polyolefin masterbatch | 40–60 wt% pigment in MB; 0.5–2.0 wt% let-down | melt temperature ≤200 °C; ΔE*ab ≤ 0.8 | ISO 1133-1:2022, DIN EN ISO 11664-4 |
| PVC plastisol | 0.3–2.0 wt% pigment in compound | viscosity 2,000–4,000 mPa·s at 25 °C; staining grey scale ≥4 | EN ISO 105-A03, ISO 182-3 |
Prior to let-down into HDPE blow moulding or PP injection moulding, PR146 is compounded in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 40:1 and a barrel profile of 160–190 °C. The single-pigment masterbatch carries 40–60 wt% pigment and is diluted to 0.5–2.0 wt% in the final moulding compound. Screw speed is maintained between 300–500 min⁻¹, and the die-face melt temperature is monitored by infrared thermometry; persistent exposure above 200 °C shifts hue and reduces chromaticity because thermal degradation of the azo chromophore competes with dispersion. Melt flow rate is checked per ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190 °C/2.16 kg for PE and 230 °C/2.16 kg for PP; a 1.0 wt% masterbatch addition should not change base resin MFR by more than 8 %. For PP injection moulding, barrel set points often exceed 200 °C, so hot-runner residence time must be limited to ≤20 s and shade shift must be verified per DIN EN ISO 11664-4 against an unprocessed control; colour-critical HDPE closures are easier to control within the 200 °C ceiling. Colour consistency is evaluated in CIELAB coordinates per DIN EN ISO 11664-4, with a ΔE*ab tolerance of ≤0.8 against an approved physical standard. Under REACH Article 33, downstream processors must be informed if the pigment contains a candidate-list substance above 0.1 wt%. For food-contact packaging, EU 10/2011 does not include PR146 in its positive list, so each filled polymer formulation requires a dedicated migration dossier and an explicit declaration that aromatic amine release is below the applicable detection limit.
Dispersion in DINP or DOTP is carried out with a calcium-zinc heat stabiliser and epoxidised soybean oil co-stabiliser at a PR146 loading between 0.3 wt% and 2.0 wt%. The paste is processed in a vacuum dissolver at 500–1,500 min⁻¹ under −0.8 bar to remove entrained air, then viscosity is adjusted to 2,000–4,000 mPa·s at 25 °C on a Brookfield viscometer at 20 min⁻¹. Below 2,000 mPa·s, pigment settling and shade variation across a rotational casting batch become irreversible without re-dispersion; this is the principal process boundary. Fusion proceeds at 160–180 °C for 3–6 min in a circulating hot-air tunnel. PR146 resists extraction by common phthalate plasticisers, but plasticiser fastness must be verified by contacting a fused plaque with white plasticised PVC at 50 °C under 5 kg load for 24 h; the staining grey scale per EN ISO 105-A03 should be at least 4. Toy compounds are additionally tested for heavy-metal release under EN 71-3, and heat stability is monitored by conductometric HCl evolution per ISO 182-3. A low-viscosity plastisol below 2,000 mPa·s also entraps air more slowly during vacuum deaeration, which produces crater-like surface defects in dip-moulded handles after curing; manufacturers therefore qualify PR146 batches with a shear-rate sweep at 0.1–100 s⁻¹ to detect thixotropic anomalies before production.
Textile rotary screen printing with aqueous pigment pastes on cotton and cotton-polyester knits uses PR146 as the red-shade component in transfer-resistant formulations. The print paste contains 3–8 wt% PR146, 10–15 wt% acrylic or butadiene-acrylate binder, 0.5–1.0 wt% melamine-formaldehyde crosslinker, and 0.3–0.5 wt% polyacrylic acid thickener; pH is held at 8.0–8.5 with ammonia. Screen mesh counts from 80–125 threads/cm control deposit weight: a 125 threads/cm mesh limits paste penetration and reduces strike-through on lightweight knits, while an 80 threads/cm mesh increases colour yield but can cause binder migration. Curing proceeds at 150 °C for 3 min in a stenter frame with forced air. Colour fastness is measured according to ISO 105-C06 for domestic laundering and ISO 105-X12 for rubbing; because PR146 does not dye cellulose, crocking fastness depends on binder film integrity and crosslinking rather than pigment chemistry. Workwear and school uniforms requiring high wet-rub fastness should avoid PR146 above 5 wt% unless an acrylic top-coat binder is applied as a second screen pass.
A three-roll mill or bead mill reduces PR146 in a short-chain medium-oil alkyd resin at 8–12 wt% pigment-to-binder ratio; the bead mill uses 1.0–1.2 mm zirconia media. The enamel is reduced with xylene and butyl glycol to a flow time of 60–90 s on a 4 mm flow cup per ISO 2431 at 20 °C, then applied at dry film thicknesses of 20–35 μm. Baking at 130–150 °C for 20–30 min completes melamine crosslinking without damaging the azo chromophore. Full-shade coatings show light fastness of 7–8 on the blue wool scale per ISO 105-B02, but the same pigment reduced 1:10 with titanium dioxide drops to 5 or lower after 2,000 h QUV ASTM G154-23 cycle 1 exposure; chalking and gloss loss therefore appear earlier in pastel tints. This asymmetry is a process-relevant boundary rather than a dispersion failure. For coil exteriors, PR146 is more appropriate in dark red and wine shades where the total pigment volume concentration is maintained between 10 % and 20 % to avoid through-film porosity and early substrate corrosion.
Polyurethane spray-leather finishing lines use PR146 in a low-gloss two-component solvent-based topcoat for automotive interior surfaces and synthetic leather goods. The pigment dispersion is prepared in a polyether-polyol with a wetting additive at 10–15 wt% pigment content, then crosslinked with an aliphatic isocyanate at an NCO:OH ratio of 1.05–1.15. Spray application through a 1.0–1.3 mm gravity-feed spray nozzle at 2.5–3.5 bar atomising pressure yields a dry film of 10–20 μm. The formulation must remain amine-free because primary or secondary amines can attack the azo chromophore under strong solvent conditions; amine-catalysed polyurethane systems can show shade yellowing or strength loss if the catalyst level exceeds 0.1 wt%. Taber abrasion resistance is tested per ASTM D4060-19 with a CS-10 wheel and 1,000 g load; colour change is assessed after 500 cycles. UV yellowing is evaluated by ISO 105-B02, and automotive interior topcoats are typically qualified against an OEM lightfastness requirement of ≥6 on the blue wool scale. PR146 in polyurethane topcoats is restricted to non-food, non-medical contact applications, as no pharmacopoeial or implant-grade listing exists. Published data for PR146 in this specific two-component aliphatic polyurethane configuration is limited; the processing envelope derives from general naphthol AS pigment behaviour and must be confirmed by mill trials.
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Permanent Pink FBB, C.I. Pigment Red 146, CAS 5280-68-2, is a monoazo naphthol AS organic pigment supplied as a fine red powder. It functions as a blue-shade pink/red colorant in rigid and plasticized PVC, polyolefin masterbatch, solvent-borne flexographic and gravure inks, air-drying industrial coatings, and powder coatings. The product occupies a mid-performance position between low-cost β-naphthol reds such as C.I. Pigment Red 57:1 and higher-durability quinacridone or diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole pigments. Representative physical data cited on manufacturer technical documentation include density 1.40 g/cm³ by ISO 787-10, oil absorption 45 g/100 g by ISO 787-5, and pH of aqueous suspension 7.0 by ISO 787-9. These values are batch-dependent and should not be read as release limits.
As a naphthol AS monoazo pigment, Permanent Pink FBB derives its colour from a conjugated azo chromophore stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The molecular structure lacks ionic lake counterions, unlike C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, which is typically supplied as a calcium or barium salt of a sulphonated β-naphthol azo dye. This structural distinction explains the higher thermal stability of PR146 relative to PR57:1 and its lower solubility in polar solvents. Solvent fastness in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl ethyl ketone is assessed after 24 h immersion at 23 °C using ISO 28360; PR146 shows slight staining in ketone solvents but is generally stable in aliphatic hydrocarbons. Published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Laser diffraction particle size analysis per ISO 13320 typically reports a median particle size d50 in the range 0.2 µm to 0.5 µm for the dispersed pigment, depending on milling and surface treatment. The dry powder may contain agglomerates with d50 above 10 µm; these must be overcome by shear or wetting. Specific surface area determined by BET nitrogen adsorption per ISO 9277 is commonly 20 m²/g to 40 m²/g. These morphological parameters affect oil absorption, dispersion viscosity, and colour strength. A high-shear disperser with tip speed below 5 m/s is generally insufficient to break agglomerates; a bead mill or three-roll mill is required for full tinctorial development.
| Property | Representative value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.40 g/cm³ | ISO 787-10 |
| Oil absorption | 45 g/100 g | ISO 787-5 |
| pH of aqueous suspension | 7.0 | ISO 787-9 |
| Heat stability in HDPE | 200 °C for 5 min | EN 12877-1 |
| Lightfastness, full shade in alkyd | blue wool scale 7 | ISO 4892-2 |
| Sieve residue on 45 µm | <0.1% | ISO 787-7 |
Colorimetric evaluation of Permanent Pink FBB is typically carried out in a 1:10 titanium dioxide reduction in an alkyd-melamine test system. Compared with C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, the reduction tint is bluer and of similar or lower chroma, while the masstone is a blue-shade red. Colour differences are assessed by ISO 7724-2 or ASTM D2244-23 using a spectrophotometer with d/8 geometry and D65/10° illumination. Published quantitative CIELAB data for this specific commercial grade are limited; therefore colour acceptance should be established against a retained physical reference standard. The tinctorial strength is generally high, permitting lower addition rates than β-naphthol reds in rigid PVC, but the exact strength advantage depends on dispersion equipment and resin system.
Compared with C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, PR146 offers better heat stability and lightfastness but lower initial transparency in solvent-based inks. Compared with C.I. Pigment Red 184, PR146 is yellower and slightly more opaque in flexible PVC. Compared with C.I. Pigment Red 122, PR146 has lower cost per unit chroma but inferior weatherfastness. These differences are measured by ISO 7724-2 for colour coordinates and by ISO 4892-2 for lightfastness.
Permanent Pink FBB is a dispersion pigment, not a meltable dye. It remains particulate during compounding and therefore contributes to the apparent viscosity of the melt. In a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 44:1 and 30% pigment loading in a low-density polyethylene carrier, stable strand formation is typically maintained at melt temperatures between 190 °C and 210 °C. Prolonged residence above 240 °C may reduce tinctorial strength and shift masstone yellower, although published data for this specific configuration is limited. Pre-drying of the pigment at 80 °C for 2 h is recommended when storage humidity exceeds 60% RH, to prevent moisture-induced agglomeration. Filtration through a 100 µm screen pack is standard. The pigment has no melting transition; differential scanning calorimetry per ISO 11357-1 may show a broad thermal event associated with surface treatment decomposition at elevated temperatures.
In polyolefin thin-film and blow-moulding applications, the masterbatch is typically let down at 2% to 4% into HDPE or LLDPE, yielding final pigment concentrations of 0.1% to 0.5%. At 0.1% pigment, the film remains translucent and is used for tinted packaging; at 0.5%, opacity increases but the material retains a saturated pink hue. Pressure rise across a 100/200/100 mesh screen pack is monitored during extrusion to detect agglomerate formation. A rising differential pressure beyond the initial baseline indicates poor dispersion or moisture-related agglomeration and requires adjusting screw speed, feed rate, or pigment pre-drying.
In rigid PVC extrusion, Permanent Pink FBB disperses under high shear on a two-roll mill at 160 °C to 165 °C. Migration resistance in plasticized PVC is assessed by ISO 18314 or DIN EN 12877-2; the pigment typically shows no visible bleeding into white PVC at 60 °C under 50 N contact pressure for 24 h at 0.1% pigment. In highly plasticized PVC containing 50 phr dioctyl phthalate, slight plasticizer extraction can occur; end-use evaluation is required. Heat stability in PVC is generally acceptable for 180 °C processing for 10 min. The pigment does not contain cadmium, lead, or hexavalent chromium; elemental composition is available from the supplier's safety data sheet and REACH registration.
The limiting factor is not pH sensitivity but wetting. Aqueous suspension pH of 7.0 indicates the pigment is compatible with pH-sensitive acrylic emulsions, but the hydrophobic naphthol AS surface requires a polymeric dispersant. On a horizontal bead mill charged with 0.6-0.8 mm yttria-stabilized zirconia media and a tip speed of 8 m/s, a typical target fineness of <10 µm per ISO 1524 is reached after 60 min. Dispersion with anionic acrylic block copolymer dispersants at 20-30 wt% on pigment is standard. Without sufficient dispersant, the grind viscosity rises and the ink loses transfer efficiency on flexographic plates. The pigment's naphthol AS class has limited alkali resistance; therefore strong alkaline cleaning agents or amine levels above 0.5% in the ink may destabilize dispersion.
Solvent-borne flexographic and gravure inks use Permanent Pink FBB where higher lightfastness than C.I. Pigment Red 57:1 is needed but full outdoor durability is not required. In ethanol/ethyl acetate blends, bleed resistance is assessed by ASTM D5402 or ISO 28360; typical results show slight staining after 24 h immersion in ethyl acetate. The pigment is not recommended for long-term exterior signage printed on low-basis-weight films without lamination because residual aromatic amine formation under prolonged UV exposure must be controlled by binder selection. Published data for this specific configuration is limited.
In accelerated weathering per ISO 4892-2 with a xenon arc source and daylight filters, C.I. Pigment Red 146 full-shade masstone in an alkyd paint typically achieves blue wool scale 7, whereas C.I. Pigment Red 122 and C.I. Pigment Red 254 may achieve 8. The difference widens in 1:10 reductions; PR146 may show noticeable fading beyond 500 h of xenon exposure, while quinacridone and DPP alternatives often retain acceptable colour beyond 1000 h. These values are system-dependent; polymeric binder choice and UV absorber loading influence the result. If the application is automotive interior or exterior paint, PR146 is generally unsuitable per OEM specifications requiring 1000 h or 2000 h xenon stability. For agricultural film or short-lived labels, PR146 is technically adequate and lower cost.
| Pigment | Chemical class | Lightfastness full shade, ISO 4892-2 | Heat stability in HDPE, EN 12877-1 | Alkali resistance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C.I. Pigment Red 146 | monoazo naphthol AS | 7 | 200 °C | moderate |
| C.I. Pigment Red 57:1 | β-naphthol lake | 5 | 150 °C | poor |
| C.I. Pigment Red 122 | quinacridone | 8 | 300 °C | high |
| C.I. Pigment Red 254 | diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole | 8 | 300 °C | high |
In thermosetting powder coatings, Permanent Pink FBB is pre-dispersed by melt-mixing on a twin-screw extruder at 90 °C to 110 °C, followed by air jet milling to a top size of 100 µm. Cure at 180 °C for 10 min produces acceptable gloss and colour retention. The pigment is not suitable for high-gloss exterior powder coatings with 10-year durability requirements; accelerated testing per ISO 16474-2 shows greater fading in reductions than quinacridone or DPP alternatives. For indoor decorative coatings, PR146 is used at 1-3 wt% in polyester/epoxy hybrid systems, where colour intensity and moderate fastness are sufficient.
Regulatory status is grade-specific. Permanent Pink FBB is registered under REACH, and no blanket approval should be assumed for direct food contact under FDA 21 CFR 178.3297 or the European Plastics Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. Some naphthol AS pigments are cleared for specific polymers and conditions, but Permanent Pink FBB must be verified against the supplier's food-contact statement. Heavy metal content is tested by acid digestion and ICP-OES according to ISO 11885; typical grades are supplied to meet the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU limits of 1000 mg/kg lead, 100 mg/kg cadmium, 1000 mg/kg mercury, and 1000 mg/kg hexavalent chromium. Supplier certification is required because surface treatments and impurities vary.
Operational boundaries include avoiding combination with strongly reducing agents in PVC stabilizer packages and with high levels of zinc oxide or amine-based light stabilizers in polyolefins, because acid-base interactions may shift the shade. In high-humidity melt processing, moisture uptake above 0.3% causes agglomeration; pre-drying at 80 °C for 2 h is recommended. The pigment should be stored in closed containers below 40 °C to maintain powder flow. For powder coatings, bake stability at 180 °C for 10 min is normally acceptable; exceeding 200 °C may produce a duller, yellower tone.
