Section
| HS Code | 305721 |
| Product Name | Disperse Blue 360 |
| Color Index Generic Name | C.I. Disperse Blue 360 |
| Cas Number | 70693-64-0 |
| Product Type | Disperse dye |
| Color Shade | Blue |
| Physical Form | Powder |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble in water; dispersible in aqueous media with dispersing agents |
| Ph Value | 5.0-7.0 for 1% aqueous dispersion |
| Moisture Content | ≤1.0% |
| Dye Content | ≥96% |
| Particle Size | Typical ≤2 µm |
| Bulk Density | Typical 0.5-0.8 g/cm³ |
| Light Fastness | 5-6 on polyester |
| Washing Fastness | 4-5 on polyester |
| Sublimation Fastness | 4 on polyester |
| Rubbing Fastness | 4-5 on polyester |
| Application | Dyeing and printing of polyester and other hydrophobic synthetic fibers |
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight |
| Shelf Life | 24 months in unopened container under recommended storage |
As an accredited Disperse Blue 360 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Disperse Blue 360 is packaged in 25 kg net-weight, double-layer polyethylene-lined paper bags, securely sealed and labeled for industrial handling and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Disperse Blue 360 is palletized, secured, and loaded into a 20-foot FCL container for safe, compliant ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Disperse Blue 360 is typically shipped as a non-hazardous dye in sealed, moisture-resistant containers. Confirm transport classification via the SDS; use proper labeling and avoid dust generation. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from oxidizers, and follow carrier and local regulations. |
| Storage | Store Disperse Blue 360 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from strong oxidizers, acids, bases, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly closed, labeled, and protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Avoid dust generation and use appropriate ventilation/PPE. Do not store with food, feed, or drinking water. Follow local regulations and the SDS. |
| Shelf Life | Disperse Blue 360 shelf life is about 24 months when stored cool, dry, sealed, and away from direct sunlight. |
In package dyeing of high-tenacity polyester filament yarn for automotive safety belts, C.I. Disperse Blue 360 is applied at a liquor ratio of 1:8 to 1:12 in high-temperature cone dyeing machines rated to 3.5 bar. The package density is set at 350–380 g/L, and the differential pressure across the package is maintained at 0.8–1.2 bar to prevent channeling. The dyebath is buffered to pH 4.5–5.0 with acetic acid/sodium acetate; a naphthalene sulfonate dispersing agent is dosed at 0.5–1.0 g/L. Ramping at 1.5 °C/min to 130 °C and holding for 45–60 min gives sufficient migration into the high-tenacity filament core. After dyeing, the bath is cooled indirectly to 80 °C before pressure release. Reduction clearing with sodium hydrosulfite at 2.0 g/L and soda ash at 1.0 g/L for 20 min at 70 °C removes unfixed surface dye and is mandatory for automotive webbing. Batch-to-batch variation in spin finish on incoming yarn can shift finished depth by more than 0.5%; a scouring step at 70 °C with nonionic detergent should precede dyeing when spin finish exceeds 0.3% by weight. Published production-scale optimisation data for C.I. Disperse Blue 360 in this exact package configuration is limited, so exhaustion curves must be generated on the actual yarn merge and finish. Where OEM submissions require it, SAE J2412 is used instead of ISO 105-B02 for interior lightfastness; exposure irradiance and filter conditions differ, so grades are not directly interchangeable.
| Property | Test method | Typical threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Xenon arc lightfastness | ISO 105-B02 | Grade 7 after 400 h |
| Wash fastness | ISO 105-C06 C2S | Staining grade 4-5 |
| Dry crocking | ISO 105-X12 | Grade 4 |
| Water bleed | ISO 105-E01 | Grade 4-5 |
Microfibre single jersey circular knits made from 0.5 dtex polyester filaments have approximately 73% higher specific surface area than 1.5 dtex fibres, which increases apparent depth with C.I. Disperse Blue 360 and exposes unfixed dye at the fibre surface more readily. In high-temperature jet dyeing, fabric circulation time is set at 1.5 min/turn, rope speed at 250 m/min, and nozzle pressure at 1.2–1.6 bar; bath ratio is reduced to 1:6 to 1:8 to enhance exhaustion. Dyeing at 132 °C for 30–40 min is preferred because extended exposure increases PET oligomer extraction, which redeposits on the jet throat and causes marking. After dyeing, a two-stage reduction clear—first with sodium hydrosulfite at 2.0 g/L and sodium hydroxide to pH 10 at 80 °C for 20 min, second with 0.5 g/L dispersing agent—reduces thermomigration during later heat-setting. The finished fabric is dried at 130 °C and heat-set at 180 °C for 30 s. At elastane content above 12% and heat-setting dwell above 45 s, the risk of thermomigration increases and wet crocking grade should be verified before bulk approval. End products include compression tops, base layers, and racer-back jerseys. Skin-contact certification under Oeko-Tex Standard 100 requires finished textile testing for trace allergenic disperse dye impurities and dispersing agent residues; the bulk dye alone does not establish compliance. Typical finished article testing uses ISO 105-C06 C2S wash fastness and ISO 105-X12 wet crocking.
For heavyweight polyester canvas intended for awnings and marine covers, continuous pad-thermosol application of C.I. Disperse Blue 360 is run on a two-bowl padder with a pick-up of 60–70%. The pad liquor contains dye at 20–40 g/L, an acrylic acid copolymer antimigrant at 10 g/L, and a non-rewetting surfactant at 0.5 g/L. The padded web is dried in a stenter with first-zone air temperature of 100–110 °C until residual moisture falls below 8%; infrared pre-drying is avoided because surface crusting traps unfixed dye. Thermofixation at 205–210 °C for 60–90 s completes dye diffusion into the polyester matrix. After fixation, a reduction clear with sodium hydrosulfite at 1.5 g/L and sodium carbonate at 1.0 g/L at 75 °C for 15 min removes surface dye. The fabric is then dried at 150 °C and heat-set to finished width. Outdoor exposure is evaluated under ISO 105-B02; marine canvas specifications frequently require grade 7 after 500 h xenon arc. Water bleed is checked under ISO 105-E01. The operational window is narrow: below 200 °C fixation is incomplete and wash fastness falls, while above 215 °C shade shift and fabric stiffening occur.
Mass coloration of polyester filament with C.I. Disperse Blue 360 is carried out by compounding the dye into PET masterbatch in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 44:1 and a screw temperature profile from 260 °C to 280 °C. The dye is pre-dried at 120 °C for 4 h to moisture below 0.02% before gravimetric feeding at 0.5–2.0 wt% into the side port. High-shear zones are operated at 600–800 rpm; melt residence time above 280 °C is kept below 4 min to limit thermal degradation. A screen changer with 20 µm mesh is placed before the melt pump to remove undispersed dye agglomerates. A differential pressure rise above 120 bar across the screen pack indicates filter blockage and requires an immediate filter change. The pigmented polymer is melt-spun at 285 °C through spinnerettes with an orifice L/D of 2.0–3.0, then drawn at a draw ratio of 2.8–3.2. This route is used for military and automotive textile components requiring high lightfastness and perspiration fastness. Finished articles are tested under ISO 105-B02, ISO 105-C06, and ISO 105-E04. The main incompatibility is with amine-based antioxidants, which can alter the blue chromophore at melt temperatures above 285 °C; differential scanning calorimetry validation is required before production approval.
C.I. Disperse Blue 360 can be dispersed in aqueous sublimation transfer inks at 5–15 wt% dry weight for polyester sportswear panels. The dispersion is milled to a volume-median particle size below 150 nm for piezoelectric printheads; viscosity is maintained at 2–5 mPa·s at 25 °C, and surface tension is adjusted to 28–32 mN/m with a silicone-free surfactant. Transfer paper is printed at 100–120 g/m² and dried at 60–80 °C. Heat transfer to polyester fabric uses a flatbed press at 210 °C for 30–40 s under 0.4–0.6 bar pressure. Low-energy disperse dyes transfer at 190 °C, but C.I. Disperse Blue 360 requires the higher plateau to achieve complete fixation; incomplete transfer leaves residual dye on the paper and causes variable shade depth. End uses include cut-and-sew sport jerseys, promotional polyester panels, and short-run automotive interior accents. Fastness after transfer is evaluated under ISO 105-B02 and ISO 105-X12. The operational boundary is paper moisture regain above 6%, which produces mottling and transfer voids. Published formulation data for this specific dye in piezoelectric inkjet applications is limited; printhead compatibility trials are necessary.
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Commercial C.I. Disperse Blue 360 is a high-energy anthraquinone disperse dye supplied as non-dusting granules or aqueous-dispersed powder for the coloration of polyester, polyester-cellulosic blends, and selected nylon substrates. The product is standardised against a supplier master standard at 100% tinctorial strength, with residual moisture controlled below 0.5%, aqueous dispersion pH in the range 7.0–9.0, and a mean particle size after milling typically 0.8–1.5 µm. The shade is a clean greenish-blue, with moderate build-up and improved sublimation and wet fastness relative to lower-molecular-mass anthraquinone blues; however, the dyeing rate is strongly temperature-dependent and requires controlled heating gradients during exhaust application.
Commercial acceptance is established through supplier certificates of analysis and incoming mill quality checks. The limits below represent commonly used textile-grade acceptance ranges, but they are not universal; dispersant type, standard depth calibration, and regional test practice can shift individual values.
| Parameter | Typical acceptance range | Test basis |
|---|---|---|
| Tinctorial strength | 98–102% vs master standard | Spectrophotometric reflectance or transmission |
| Dispersibility | Filter residue ≤ 5% | AATCC TM170 high-temperature filtration |
| Mean particle size | 0.8–1.5 µm | Laser diffraction |
| Moisture content | ≤ 0.5% | Karl Fischer or halogen moisture balance |
| pH of aqueous dispersion | 7.0–9.0 | ISO 787-9:2019 |
| Light fastness at 1/1 standard depth on polyester | Blue wool 7–8 | ISO 105-B02:2014 |
| Wash fastness shade change | 4–5 | ISO 105-C06:2010, test A2S |
Because the product is an anthraquinone-type disperse dye, the visible absorption envelope is narrower than that of many monoazo blues. This produces a relatively bright greenish-blue hue but also means that minor shifts in particle size distribution or dispersion stability can alter apparent colour yield. Incoming lots with dispersant demand differences should be restandardised against production dyes rather than accepted solely on dry powder measurements.
Exhaustion onto texturized polyester warp knits is performed on overflow jet machines with liquor ratios between 1:8 and 1:15. The stock dispersion is prepared by mixing the granule or powder with demineralised water at 25–30°C; high-shear mixing above 40°C can destabilise the dispersed phase and increase filtration risk. The dyebath is buffered with acetic acid/sodium acetate to pH 4.5–5.0. Temperature is raised from 50°C to 130°C at 1.5–2.0°C/min; steeper gradients above 100°C produce unlevel adsorption and package channelling in package dyeing machines. Holding time at 130°C is 30–45 min for medium depths. For deep shade build-up, extended hold beyond 60 min increases oligomer redeposition and the risk of reductive degradation if residual oxygen is not adequately removed.
Control of dyebath pH is critical because anthraquinone disperse dyes are sensitive to alkaline conditions. Prolonged operation above pH 7.0 in the presence of reducing species can shift the hue duller and reduce tinctorial strength. Conversely, pH below 3.5 risks fibre damage and dye aggregation. The recommended exhaust window is therefore narrow: pH 4.0–5.5. Batch-to-batch variance in disperse agent composition can alter dispersion stability; production-scale failure is observed most often as pressure rise across package dyeing spindles or filter staining, rather than as an immediate shade failure.
After exhausting the dye, alkaline reduction clearing removes unfixed surface colorant. The clear is run in the same vessel with 2.0–3.0 g/L sodium hydrosulfite and 1.0–2.0 g/L sodium hydroxide at 70–80°C for 20 min. Without this clear, wet fastness under ISO 105-C06 A2S can fall by 0.5–1.0 grade on polyester microfibre constructions. The after-treatment should not be initiated before the dyebath has cooled below 80°C, because hydrosulfite added at high temperature can chemically reduce the anthraquinone chromophore.
In dye selection, C.I. Disperse Blue 360 is considered when C.I. Disperse Blue 56, a high-chroma but lower-mass anthraquinone blue, exhibits unacceptable migration during post-heat-setting or insufficient washfastness on polyester microfibre. The substitution is not a direct drop-in replacement. At equal visual depth, the required concentration of C.I. Disperse Blue 360 is commonly 10–20% higher than C.I. Disperse Blue 56, while the shade shifts slightly greener in artificial daylight. The dry-heat fastness after 180°C for 30 s post-setting improves from grey scale 3–4 to 4–5 on standard polyester twill; this improvement is attributable to the higher molecular mass and lower fibre–gas phase transfer of C.I. Disperse Blue 360.
Compared with C.I. Disperse Blue 60, the product yields a greener blue with higher wet fastness on polyester. C.I. Disperse Blue 60 remains a strong option for some acetate and nylon applications requiring high light fastness, but its wet fastness on polyester can be lower than C.I. Disperse Blue 360. Against monoazo blue components used in low-energy trichromatic recipes, C.I. Disperse Blue 360 requires a higher fixation temperature and cannot be exhausted efficiently below 125°C without a carrier. This restricts its use in low-temperature processes for wool-blend or carrier-sensitive polyester.
Published direct kinetic data for C.I. Disperse Blue 360 under industrial exhaust profiles is limited; supplier trials remain necessary when replacing a lower-energy blue in trichromatic combinations because the red and yellow components may exhaust at different rates and alter three-dye tone stability.
Continuous thermosol dyeing of polyester-cellulosic blended shirting with C.I. Disperse Blue 360 requires even chemical padder application at 60–70% wet pickup. Padded fabric is dried at 100–120°C to a residual moisture of 25–30% before thermofixation at 200–210°C for 45–90 s. Uneven pre-drying produces dye migration and side-to-side shade variation. Because C.I. Disperse Blue 360 has a relatively high sublimation threshold, it can tolerate the upper end of this fixation window better than C.I. Disperse Blue 56; fugitive dye emission into dryer exhaust is reduced but not eliminated. Production-scale continuous ranges should maintain extractor hood face velocity at 0.5–0.8 m/s to prevent chamber contamination on colour changes.
The use of C.I. Disperse Blue 360 in strong alkaline baths above pH 7.5 for extended periods should be avoided because the anthraquinone structure can undergo alkali-induced hydrolysis or reduction, shifting shade and lowering strength. Avoid combination with nitrogenous reducing agents at high temperature; hydrosulfite additions should follow complete exhaustion and cooling below 80°C. In carrier dyeing at 98°C, methyl naphthalene or trichlorobenzene at 5–10 g/L can plasticise the polyester and depress light fastness if residual carrier is not removed by drying above 160°C. If the dye is applied to polylactic acid, published fastness data for this specific configuration is limited and pilot trials are required before production commitments.
