Section
| HS Code | 304303 |
| Productname | Victoria Blue R |
| Synonym | Basic Blue 11 |
| Colorindexname | C.I. Basic Blue 11 |
| Colorindexnumber | 44040 |
| Casnumber | 2185-86-6 |
| Chemicalclass | Triphenylmethane dye |
| Molecularformula | C29H28ClN3 |
| Molecularweight | 454.01 g/mol |
| Appearance | Dark blue to violet powder |
| Charge | Cationic |
| Watersolubility | Soluble |
| Ethanolsolubility | Soluble |
| Absorptionmaximum | Approximately 615 nm |
| Typicaluse | Biological stain and basic dye |
| Storage | Store dry, protected from light, at room temperature |
| Hazard | May cause irritation; avoid contact and inhalation |
As an accredited Victoria Blue R factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Victoria Blue R packaged as 100 g in a sealed amber glass bottle with screw-cap and safety label. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Container Loading (20′ FCL): Victoria Blue R is packed in sealed, labeled drums and loaded into a 20′ FCL container, stowed securely for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Victoria Blue R is not classified as dangerous goods for transport under DOT/IATA/IMDG/ADR. Ship in sealed, labeled, moisture-resistant containers with secondary containment. No UN number, hazard class, or packing group applies. Protect from light and moisture; avoid spills and handle with standard PPE. |
| Storage | Store Victoria Blue R in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in a tightly closed, labeled container, protected from light and moisture. Keep away from heat, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids, and reducing agents. Segregate from food, drink, and animal feed. Follow the SDS and local regulations, and use appropriate PPE when handling. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from light; under these conditions, Victoria Blue R remains stable for several years. |
In paper and board wet-end dyeing, Victoria Blue R (C.I. Basic Blue 11) is metered as a filtered aqueous solution into the machine chest after refining but before centrifugal cleaning and screening; this placement minimises shear-induced agglomeration and improves uniformity on fourdrinier and gap-former machines. The addition window for tissue and light tinting grades spans 0.01–0.15 wt% on bone-dry fibre, while saturated cover and packaging grades consume 0.25–0.60 wt%; above 0.8 wt%, retention drops sharply and effluent colour becomes difficult to abate without adsorption or precipitation treatment. Wet-end chemistry is maintained at pH 4.5–5.2 with aluminium sulfate, and a cationic polyacrylamide retention aid at 0.025–0.05 wt% is added downstream of the dye injection point to bind anionic furnish components and reduce two-sidedness. Compliance testing for food-contact grades generally follows FDA 21 CFR 176.170 and EN 646:2018; brightness and shade variation are measured against ISO 2470-1:2016. Finished products include napkin tissue, serviette stock, folder and cover paper, coloured board for rigid boxes, and non-food packaging where modest lightfastness is acceptable. Broke recycling is permitted, but the dye is not fully reversible; excessive wet-end addition leads to shade shifting on single-wire machines above 600 m/min, and anionic optical brighteners in the same furnish may quench colour strength.
Continuous ink production exposes Victoria Blue R to shear rates up to 105 s−1 in rotor–stator mixers and piston fillers, requiring solvent systems that prevent dye recrystallization in ballpoint pen reservoirs during storage at 40°C and 80% relative humidity. Typical dyestuff loading is 1.5–5.0 wt% of finished ink; ballpoint pen inks generally fall within 2.5–4.5 wt% dye, while stamp pad inks tolerate 3.0–6.0 wt%. The manufacturing sequence involves dissolving the dye in a co-solvent package of water, ethanol and glycerol at proportions of 45:35:20, heating to 50–60°C, then dispersing oleic acid, ethylene glycol phenyl ether and a ketone-aldehyde resin under high shear; after cooling, the mixture is clarified through 1 µm depth filtration and vacuum deaerated to prevent air pockets in filling. Compliance for children’s stationery is assessed by EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 for migration of elements and by ASTM D4236-20 for chronic hazard labelling in the US; EU market placement requires REACH registration under (EC) No 1907/2006 for volumes above 1 t/a. Terminal products include ballpoint pen refills, stamp pad inks, highlighters and marker ink reservoirs. The main operational boundary is anionic surfactant or sulfonated resin incompatibility, which causes immediate precipitation and filter blockage; lightfastness ratings under ISO 105-B02:2014 are typically below 3 at full shade, limiting use to documents not intended for archival permanence.
Drum dyeing of chrome-tanned crust leather with Victoria Blue R proceeds in a stainless steel tanning drum at a float ratio of 1:10, with dyestuff addition of 0.5–2.0 wt% on shaved leather weight. The dye is introduced as a pre-dissolved solution at 60°C, followed by 30–45 min of drumming before fixation with 0.5–1.0 wt% formic acid to pH 3.8–4.2; spent floats frequently carry as much as 10–20% of the initial dye mass, which must be precipitated or oxidised in wastewater treatment. For spray finishing, a dilute working solution of 5–10 g/L in a water–ethanol mixture is applied by air-assisted spray line, followed by a clear seal coat to reduce crocking and surface bronzing. Compliance requirements typically reference ISO 11640:2018 for colour fastness to rubbing, and ZDHC MRSL v3.1 for restricted formaldehyde, heavy metal and arylamine residues. Terminal products include high-chroma fashion leather accessories, leather board binders, decorative upholstery trim and light-duty lining leather. The triarylmethane chromophore imposes poor lightfastness, generally 2–3 on ISO 105-B02:2014, so the colour is confined to non-automotive, interior or short-life applications; combination with anionic retanning agents or vegetable tannins leads to surface precipitation and shade dulling.
At hosiery and blanket dyeing mills, the exhaust application of Victoria Blue R to polyacrylonitrile fibre proceeds in package, hank or loose-stock machines because the basic dye cation requires anionic sites on the fibre and exhibits limited migration once exhausted. The addition rate ranges from 0.05–1.5% o.w.f., with a cationic retarder at 1.0–2.0 g/L to control strike rate; the bath is set at 55–60°C, pH is adjusted to 4.5–5.0 with acetic acid, and the temperature is raised at 1.0–1.5°C/min to 97–98°C, then held for 45–60 min. After dyeing, the goods are cooled to 70°C before a nonionic scour removes unfixed surface dye; the exhausted bath can retain 5–15% of the original colour depending on shade depth and liquor ratio. Compliance for end-use textiles is verified with Oeko-Tex Standard 100 limits for hazardous residues and with ISO 105-C10:2006 for washing fastness; REACH Annex XVII governs restricted substances in the EU. Lightfastness under ISO 105-B02:2014 is typically 2–3 at 0.5% o.w.f., so the shade is not suited to curtains, automotive textiles or outdoor upholstery. Finished goods are acrylic blankets, fashion hosiery, craft yarn, faux fur and non-apparel pile fabrics where optical intensity is the primary selection criterion and long-term light stability is not specified.
Staining solution preparation for microscopy and diagnostic work requires Victoria Blue R to be assayed before formulation because commercial lots can vary in dye content and insoluble matter. A working concentration of 0.1–1.0% w/v is prepared in 30–50% ethanol or distilled water, adjusted to pH 4.0–5.5 with acetate buffer, and filtered through 0.45 µm membrane to remove undissolved aggregates that would otherwise deposit on tissue sections. Slide processing runs on automated stainers with 5–15 min exposure, followed by differentiation in 70% ethanol, dehydration in isopropanol, clearing in xylene and coverslip mounting; manual protocols use the same ranges in Coplin jars at 20–25°C. Compliance obligations depend on the intended use: research reagents are not pharmacopoeia substances, but an IVD manufacturer selling staining kits into the EU must maintain a quality system conforming to ISO 13485:2016, and CLP classification under EC 1272/2008 must appear on the safety data sheet. Terminal outputs are fixed microscope slides for histopathology, microbiology and cytology laboratories. The main operational boundaries are that the stain is for professional use only, should not be mixed with oxidising fixatives, and cannot be substituted for haematoxylin or other nuclear stains without revalidating the entire protocol.
When high-speed paper machines above 800 m/min shift colour application from the wet end to the size press, Victoria Blue R is dosed into an oxidised starch solution at 8–12% solids; the addition rate is 0.02–0.10 wt% on dry starch, corresponding to low ppm addition on finished paper mass at typical size press pick-ups. The size press, whether a pond-type or metering film press, operates at 50–60°C with size pH 6.5–7.5; under these conditions the dye remains soluble but exhibits lower substantivity than in acidic wet-end conditions, so a second pass or a higher concentration is needed for deep shades. After the size press, the web enters an air-flotation or cylinder dryer section where sheet surface temperature is kept below 90°C to prevent localised dye migration and edge accumulation. Compliance for the sized paper includes FDA 21 CFR 176.180 for starch and sizing components in food-contact grades, while colour release and fastness are assessed with EN 646:2018 and ISO 105-B02:2014. Terminal products are writing paper, envelope stock, continuous forms, business stationery and tinted security paper. This method requires low-viscosity, low-foaming formulations because insolubles or gel particles produce streaks on metered film applicators; anionic optical brighteners must be added only after compatibility testing to avoid shade dulling.
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Victoria Blue R is supplied as a cationic triarylmethane dye corresponding to Colour Index Generic Name Basic Blue 11 and Colour Index Constitution Number 44040. The compound is identified by CAS Registry Number 2185-86-6 and the molecular formula C29H32ClN3, yielding a formula weight of 458.04 g mol−1. In dry powder form it appears as a green crystalline solid with a visible absorption maximum near 610 nm in aqueous ethanol. The product is manufactured as a powder grade; some supply chains also offer concentrated aqueous dispersions, but the powder is the reference form for colorimetric standardisation. Release specifications for the powder include assay by visible spectrophotometry, moisture content, water-insoluble residue, and pH of a standard aqueous solution. The dye is a chloride salt of a substituted triarylmethane chromogen, and its application performance is controlled by ionic strength, pH, temperature, and the presence of competing anionic polymers.
| Parameter | Value | Method basis |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Green crystalline powder | Visual inspection under daylight |
| Dye content | ≥ 85% | Visible spectrophotometric assay against reference lot |
| Loss on drying | ≤ 5.0% | Oven drying at 105 °C for 2 h |
| Insoluble matter | ≤ 0.5% | Filtration of 1% aqueous solution through 80–100 mesh |
| pH of 1% aqueous solution | 3.0–5.0 | Potentiometric determination |
For precision shade matching, Victoria Blue R is standardised by absorbance measurement of a filtered stock solution at 610 nm after dilution in a buffer of pH 4.0. The ratio of absorbance to reference lot defines tinctorial strength; acceptable commercial tolerance is typically ± 3% of the reference standard. Spectral conformity is assessed by recording the full visible spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm and comparing the wavelength of maximum absorbance and the shape of the secondary shoulder near 575–585 nm. Batch-to-batch shade variation in the dry powder can be controlled by blending before milling; on high-speed mills, the product is milled to a particle size distribution where ≥ 95% passes through 80 mesh. Milling generates heat, so mill exit temperature is kept below 40 °C to avoid fusion of the dye particles. These release controls are critical because oversized particles and insoluble salts can cause filter plugging in pad-dyeing and spot defects in paper coating.
Published comparative data indicate that Victoria Blue R differs from Victoria Blue B primarily through substitution at the naphthyl ring. Victoria Blue R carries an ethylamino group at the 4-position of the naphthyl moiety, whereas Victoria Blue B carries a phenylamino group at the equivalent site. The difference increases the formula weight of Victoria Blue B to 506.08 g mol−1 and shifts the visible absorption maximum approximately 2 nm lower in aqueous ethanol under identical conditions. In paper tinting, Victoria Blue R produces a greener blue on bleached sulfite pulp, while Victoria Blue B yields a redder blue. The structural difference also modifies solubility in lower alcohols: Victoria Blue R dissolves more readily in ethanol and isopropanol, but remains sensitive to aromatic hydrocarbon diluents. Compared with Victoria Pure Blue BO, which corresponds to Basic Blue 7 and C.I. Constitution Number 42595, Victoria Blue R has a higher formula weight and a slightly different absorption envelope that affects metamerism under fluorescent lighting. These differences must be managed when dye recipes are transferred from one blue dye to another; a drop-in replacement is not automatic.
| Property | Victoria Blue R | Victoria Blue B | Victoria Pure Blue BO |
|---|---|---|---|
| C.I. Generic Name | Basic Blue 11 | Basic Blue 26 | Basic Blue 7 |
| C.I. Constitution Number | 44040 | 44045 | 42595 |
| CAS Registry Number | 2185-86-6 | 2580-56-5 | 2390-60-5 |
| Molecular formula | C29H32ClN3 | C33H32ClN3 | C33H40ClN3 |
| Formula weight | 458.04 | 506.08 | 514.15 |
| Visible absorption maximum in aqueous ethanol | 610 nm | 608 nm | 610 nm |
| Hue on bleached sulfite pulp | Greenish blue | Redder blue | Blue with violet shoulder |
At the wet end of a paper machine, Victoria Blue R is retained on bleached chemical pulp fibres through ionic interaction with sulfonic acid groups present in hemicellulose and oxidised cellulose. In production-scale addition on a fourdrinier machine running 600–1,200 m min−1, the dye is introduced after the fan pump or at the dilution water line to limit contact with high-cationic-demand retention aids and cationic starch. Typical tinting additions are 0.001%–0.01% on oven-dry fibre mass; heavier shades in kraft linerboard may use 0.02%–0.10%. The stock solution is prepared separately at 0.5%–1.0% dye concentration in acidified water and filtered through 80–100 mesh before injection. If the machine whitewater contains anionic trash above 500 mg L−1 as measured by polyelectrolyte titration, fixation efficiency falls because soluble anionic polymers compete for cationic dye sites. In that condition, a cationic fixative or a lower charge density addition point is used. The shade of Victoria Blue R on bleached sulfite pulp is greener than Victoria Blue B under identical retention conditions.
Solubility of Victoria Blue R in cold water is moderate; dissolution is accelerated by water at 60–80 °C and pH 3.0–4.5. A stock solution at 5 g L−1 may require continuous agitation, because the dye particle is hydrophobic and can agglomerate when added too rapidly. In pure ethanol, solubility is higher than in water, but addition of aromatic hydrocarbons causes precipitation. The dry powder should not be added directly to a neutral or alkaline bath, because local pH above 7.5 may produce reddish-blue precipitates or shade loss. The product is stable under acidic conditions; prolonged exposure to temperatures above 80 °C in strong acetic acid does not substantially shift hue, but in aqueous ammonia or sodium carbonate media the colour fades within minutes. In solvent-based gravure and flexographic inks, compatibility is limited to polar solvents such as ethanol and isopropanol; insoluble residues should be removed by filtration through nominal 5 µm media before press loading.
Hard water cations, particularly calcium and magnesium, reduce the effective solubility of cationic dyes by increasing ionic strength and promoting aggregation. In stock preparation, water hardness above 150 mg L−1 as CaCO3 should be treated with polyphosphate or EDTA-type sequestrants before dye addition. However, excess sequestrant can alter dye uptake rate in leather and acrylic processes; therefore the dose is limited to 0.5–1.0 g L−1 unless process trials justify a higher addition. Stock solutions of Victoria Blue R are most stable at pH 3.0–4.5; at pH above 5.5, the dye may aggregate over several hours, causing a loss of apparent strength and increased filter residue.
Exhaust dyeing of acrylic fibre with Victoria Blue R is performed in stainless-steel package or winch dyeing machines at liquor ratios between 1:10 and 1:20. The bath is set at 40–50 °C with 0.5–1.0 g L−1 acetic acid and sufficient sodium acetate to maintain pH 4.5–5.0. The dye is predissolved in acidified water at 60–70 °C and added through the dosing line. Temperature is raised at 1.0–2.0 °C min−1 to 98–100 °C and held for 30–60 min. Because cationic dyes exhibit high strike rates above 85 °C, a quaternary ammonium retarder at 0.3–1.0% on fibre mass is used when pale shades are being matched. Bath exhaustion is assessed by visible spectrophotometry at 610 nm. Anionic levelling agents must not be used, as they form insoluble complexes with the cationic chromogen and deposit on package surfaces. After dyeing, the fibre is rinsed and may be treated with a nonionic or cationic softener; alkaline washing above pH 8.5 is avoided because the chromogen can convert to the colourless carbinol form. Fastness testing after dyeing follows ISO 105-B02 for light and ISO 105-C06 for domestic laundering.
In package dyeing, package density should be controlled to 0.35–0.40 g cm−3; higher density increases the risk of flow channelling and tailing. Reversal of flow direction every 3–5 min during heating is maintained to equalise shade. If the dye is applied to cationically modified polyester, the same pH and temperature profile is used, but the holding time may be extended to 45–60 min to allow diffusion into the modified polyester matrix. Batch-to-batch shade variation in acrylic fibre can require adjustment of retarder dose; laboratory dyeings are run before production lots to set the retarder concentration because dye strike rate and fibre saturation value interact.
In chrome-tanned leather drum dyeing, Victoria Blue R is used as a top dye to deepen navy and blue shades after acid dye exhaustion. Typical addition levels are 0.1%–0.8% on shaved weight, with drum pH maintained at 5.0–5.5. It should not be added simultaneously with sulfonated fatliquors or vegetable retanning extracts, because precipitation on the grain may occur. In biological staining, Victoria Blue R appears in some differential staining protocols, but published data for this specific configuration is limited; staining performance must be validated against the intended fixation and mounting medium. In writing inks and stamp pad inks, the dye is used at low concentration in polar solvent systems; colour strength is controlled spectrophotometrically at the absorption maximum.
Victoria Blue R powder should be stored in closed polyethylene-lined fibre drums at temperature ≤ 40 °C and relative humidity ≤ 60%. When storage above 60% RH is unavoidable, pre-drying of the charge or aeration of the handling room is required before dissolution to prevent agglomerate formation. The product must not be mixed directly with anionic polymers, sulfonated oils, lignosulfonates, tannins, or alkaline buffers, because these substances form insoluble complexes that reduce yield and can deposit on process equipment. Reducing agents and strong oxidising agents should be excluded from stock preparation, as the triarylmethane chromogen is susceptible to reduction under alkaline or strongly oxidising conditions. For regulatory compliance, the product is subject to the chemical inventory obligations of the jurisdiction of use; downstream users should verify REACH registration status under Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and should not assume food-contact clearance under FDA 21 CFR or Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 without end-use migration testing.
Industrial hygiene controls follow local occupational exposure limits for dye dust. The powder should be handled with local exhaust ventilation and nitrile gloves; dust generation is controlled by vacuum pickup rather than dry sweeping. Wastewater from dyehouse operations contains cationic colour and must be treated by precipitation or adsorption before release; the specific discharge limit is set by the permit and is not product-specific.
